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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a composition comprising 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene and carbon dioxide, and optionally additional compounds, as well as to its use, in particular as a replacement refrigerant for the conventional fluid R410A.
    公开号:FR3081865A1
    申请号:FR1854869
    申请日:2018-06-05
    公开日:2019-12-06
    发明作者:Wissam Rached
    申请人:Arkema France SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    COMPOSITIONS BASED ON 1,1,2-TRIFLUOROETHYLENE AND CARBON DIOXIDE
    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention relates to compositions of 1,1,2 trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) and carbon dioxide (CO2), and their use as heat transfer fluids, in particular for the replacement of R-410A.
    TECHNICAL BACKGROUND
    R-410A is a heat transfer fluid consisting of 50% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32) and 50% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125). It has a low boiling point at -48.5 ° C, a high energy efficiency, it is non-flammable and non-toxic. It is used in particular for stationary air conditioning. However, this heat transfer fluid has a high global warming potential (GWP). It is therefore desirable to replace it.
    Document US 2014/0070132 describes various heat transfer fluids comprising 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123).
    Documents US 2016/0347981 and US 2016/0333243 describe various heat transfer fluids comprising HFO-1123, in particular for the replacement of R-410A.
    There is a need to design to have new heat transfer fluids, in particular to replace conventional heat transfer fluids such as R-410A.
    There is in particular a need for heat transfer fluids which are harmless for the ozone layer, low GWP, having good thermodynamic properties for heat transfer, and preferably non-flammable and non-toxic.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    The invention relates first of all to a composition comprising
    1,1,2-trifluoroethylene and carbon dioxide.
    In embodiments, the composition comprises one or more additional compounds chosen from ammonia and optionally halogenated alkanes and alkenes, and preferably from hydrofluoroolefins, hydrochlorofluoroolefins and saturated hydrofluorocarbons.
    In embodiments, the composition comprises one or more additional compounds chosen from 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, pentafluoroethane, difluoromethane, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene,
    1.3.3.3- tetrafluoropropene, ammonia, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, propane, propylene, 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, 1-chloro-3,3 , 3trifluoropropene, 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene, 1,1,1,3,3pentafluoropropane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1-difluoroethane and combinations thereof; and preferably from 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, pentafluoroethane, difluoromethane, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene,
    1.3.3.3- tetrafluoropropene and combinations thereof.
    In embodiments, the composition essentially consists of:
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene and carbon dioxide; or
    - 1,1,2,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide and 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide and pentafluoroethane; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide and difluoromethane; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide and 2,3,3,3tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide and 1,3,3,3tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide, 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane and pentafluoroethane; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide, 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane and difluoromethane; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide, 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide, 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide, pentafluoroethane and difluoromethane; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide, pentafluoroethane and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide, pentafluoroethane and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide, difluoromethane and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide, difluoromethane and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide, 2,3,3,3tetrafluoropropene and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide, 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane, difluoromethane and pentafluoroethane; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide, 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane, difluoromethane and 2,3,3,3tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide, 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane, difluoromethane and 1,3,3,3tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide, 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane, pentafluoroethane and 2,3,3,3tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide, 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane, pentafluoroethane and 1,3,3,3tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide, 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1,3,3,3tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide, 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane, difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane and
    2.3.3.3- tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide, 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane, difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane and
    1.3.3.3- tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide, 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane, difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane,
    2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
    In embodiments, the proportion of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene is from 5 to 80% by weight, preferably from 10 to 70% by weight, more preferably from 15 to 60% by weight.
    In embodiments, the total proportion of carbon dioxide and, where appropriate, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and / or pentafluoroethane is at least 15% by weight, preferably at least 30% by weight, and more preferably at least 35% by weight.
    In embodiments, the composition is chosen from mixtures consisting essentially of:
    - from 40 to 70% of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, from 5 to 30% of carbon dioxide and from 5 to 30% of pentafluoroethane (by weight);
    - from 55 to 70% of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, from 5 to 30% of carbon dioxide and from 5 to 35% of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (by weight);
    - from 5 to 70% of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, from 5 to 35% of carbon dioxide and from 5 to 60% of difluoromethane (by weight);
    - from 5 to 55% of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, from 5 to 35% of carbon dioxide, from 5 to 25% of pentafluoroethane and from 5 to 60% of difluoromethane (by weight);
    - from 5 to 65% of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, from 5 to 30% of carbon dioxide, from 5 to 30% of pentafluoroethane, from 5 to 10% of 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane and from 5 to 60% difluoromethane (by weight).
    In embodiments, the composition is non-flammable.
    In embodiments, the composition has a GWP less than or equal to 1000, and preferably less than or equal to 150.
    The invention also relates to the use of the composition described above, as a heat transfer fluid.
    In embodiments, said use is for the replacement of R-410A, preferably in stationary air conditioning.
    The invention also relates to a heat transfer composition, comprising the composition described above as a heat transfer fluid, and one or more additives.
    In embodiments, the additives are chosen from lubricants, nanoparticles, stabilizers, surfactants, tracer agents, fluorescent agents, odorants, solubilizers and combinations thereof.
    The invention also relates to a heat transfer installation comprising a vapor compression circuit containing a composition as described above as a heat transfer fluid or containing a heat transfer composition as described above.
    In embodiments, the installation is chosen from mobile or stationary installations for heating by heat pump, air conditioning, and in particular automobile air conditioning or centralized stationary air conditioning, refrigeration, freezing and Rankine cycles, and preferably is an air conditioning system.
    The invention also relates to a method of heating or cooling a fluid or a body by means of a vapor compression circuit containing a heat transfer fluid, said method successively comprising evaporation of the transfer fluid of heat, compression of the heat transfer fluid, condensation of the heat fluid and expansion of the heat transfer fluid, wherein the heat transfer fluid is a composition as described above.
    The invention also relates to a method of the environmental impact of a heat transfer installation comprising a vapor compression circuit containing an initial heat transfer fluid, said method comprising a step of replacing the initial heat transfer fluid in the vapor compression circuit by a final transfer fluid, the final transfer fluid having a GWP lower than the initial heat transfer fluid, in which the final heat transfer fluid is a composition as described above.
    In some embodiments, the initial heat transfer fluid is R-410A.
    The present invention meets the need expressed in the state of the art. In particular, it provides new heat transfer fluids which are well suited to replace conventional heat transfer fluids and, in the first place, R-410A.
    The invention provides in particular heat transfer fluids harmless to the ozone layer (that is to say with low or no ozone depletion potential of the ozone layer or ODP), having low GWP, having good thermodynamic properties for heat transfer, and preferably non-flammable and non-toxic.
    This is accomplished by combining HFO-1123 with CO2 (or R-744), and possibly with one or more other heat transfer compounds.
    DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
    The invention is now described in more detail and without limitation in the description which follows.
    Unless otherwise stated, throughout the application the proportions of compounds indicated are given in percentages by mass.
    According to the present application, the global warming potential (GWP) is defined with respect to carbon dioxide and with respect to a period of 100 years, according to the method indicated in "The scientific assessment of ozone depletion, 2002, a report of the World Meteorological Association's Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project ”.
    By “heat transfer compound”, respectively “heat transfer fluid” (or refrigerant), is meant a compound, respectively a fluid, capable of absorbing heat by evaporating at low temperature and low pressure and to reject heat by condensing at high temperature and high pressure, in a vapor compression circuit. Generally, a heat transfer fluid may comprise a single, two, three or more of three heat transfer compounds.
    By “heat transfer composition” is meant a composition comprising a heat transfer fluid and optionally one or more additives which are not heat transfer compounds for the intended application.
    General presentation of the formulations of heat transfer compositions
    In the heat transfer composition of the invention, the mass proportion of heat transfer fluid can represent in particular from 1 to 5% of the composition; or from 5 to 10% of the composition; or from 10 to 15% of the composition; or from 15 to 20% of the composition; or from 20 to 25% of the composition composition composition composition composition composition composition composition; or 25; or 35; or 45; or 55; or 65; or 75; or from 85 to 30% of the to 40% of the to 50% of the to 60% of the to 70% of the to 80% of the to 80% of the to 90% of the composition composition composition composition composition composition composition composition; or 30; or 40; or 50; or 60; or 70; or 80; or from 90 to 35% of the to 45% of the to 55% of the to 65% of the to 75% of the to 85% of the to 95% of the composition; or from 95 to 99% of the composition.
    In the present description, when several possible ranges are envisaged, the ranges resulting from the combination of these are also covered: for example, the mass proportion of heat transfer fluid in the heat transfer composition may be from 50 to 55%, and from 55 to 60%, i.e. from 50 to 60%, etc.
    Preferably, the heat transfer composition of the invention comprises at least 50% by mass of heat transfer fluid, and in particular from 50% to 95% by mass.
    In the heat transfer composition, the mass proportion of lubricant (s) can represent in particular from 1 to 5% of the composition; or from 5 to 10% of the composition; or from 10 to 15% of the composition; or from 15 to 20% of the composition; or from 20 to 25% of the composition; or from 25 to 30% of the composition; or from 30 to 35% of the composition; or from 35 to 40% of the composition; or from 40 to 45% of the composition; or from 45 to 50% of the composition; or from 50 to 55% of the composition; or from 55 to 60% of the composition; or from 60 to 65% of the composition; or from 65 to 70% of the composition; or from 70 to 75% of the composition; or from 75 to 80% of the composition; or from 80 to 85% of the composition; or from 85 to 90% of the composition; or from 90 to 95% of the composition; or from 95 to 99% of the composition.
    Additives other than the lubricant (s) represent preferably from 0 to 30%, more preferably from 0 to 20%, more preferably from 0 to 10%, more preferably from 0 to 5%, and more preferably from 0 to 2% of each heat transfer composition, in mass proportions.
    General presentation of additives
    The additives which may be present in the heat transfer composition of the invention may in particular be chosen from lubricants, nanoparticles, stabilizers, surfactants, tracer agents, fluorescent agents, odorants and solubilizers .
    As lubricants, it is possible in particular to use oils of mineral origin, silicone oils, paraffins of natural origin, naphthenes, synthetic paraffins, alkylbenzenes, poly-alpha olefins, polyalkene glycols, polyol esters. and / or polyvinyl ethers. Polyalkene glycols and polyol esters are preferred.
    The stabilizer or stabilizers, when they are present, preferably represent at most 5% by mass in the heat transfer composition. Among the stabilizers, mention may in particular be made of nitromethane, ascorbic acid, terephthalic acid, azoles such as tolutriazole or benzotriazole, phenolic compounds such as tocopherol, hydroquinone, t-butyl hydroquinone, 2,6-di-ter-butyl-4-methylphenol, epoxides (optionally fluorinated or perfluorinated or alkenyl or aromatic alkyl) such as n-butyl glycidyl ether, hexanediol diglycidyl ether, allyl glycidyl ether, butylphenylglycidyl ether, phosphites, phosphonates, thiols and lactones.
    Propene, butenes, pentenes and hexenes can also be used as stabilizers. Butenes and pentenes are preferred. Pentenes are even more particularly preferred. These stabilizers can be straight or branched chain and preferably branched. Preferably, they have a boiling point less than or equal to 100 ° C, more preferably less than or equal to 75 ° C, and more particularly preferably less than or equal to 50 ° C. By “boiling temperature” is meant the boiling temperature at a pressure of 101.325 kPa, as determined according to standard NF EN 378-1 of April 2008. Preferably also, they have a lower solidification temperature or equal to 0 ° C, preferably less than or equal to -25 ° C, and more particularly preferably less than or equal to -50 ° C.
    The solidification temperature is determined according to Test No. 102: Melting point / melting range (OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1, OECD Publishing, Paris, 1995, 20 available at address http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264069534-en).
    Particular stabilizing compounds are in particular but-1-ene, cis-but-2-ene; trans-but-2-ene; 2-methylprop-1-ene; pent-1-ene; cis-pent-2-ene; trans-pent-2-ene; 2-methylbut-1-ene; 2-methylbut-2ene; and 3-methylbut-1-ene. Among the preferred compounds, there is in particular 2-methyl-but-2-ene, of formula (boiling temperature of approximately 39 ° C.) and 3-methyl-but-1-ene (boiling temperature of 25 ° C approximately).
    As nanoparticles, it is possible in particular to use carbon nanoparticles, metal oxides (copper, aluminum), T1O2, AI2O3, M0S2 ...
    As tracer agents (capable of being detected), mention may be made of deuterated or non-deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodized compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, nitrous oxide and combinations thereof. The tracer is different from the compounds that make up the heat transfer fluid.
    As solubilizers, mention may be made of hydrocarbons, dimethyl ether, polyoxyalkylene ethers, amides, ketones, nitriles, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers and 1.1 , 1-trifluoroalcanes. The solubilizer is different from the heat transfer compound (s) making up the heat transfer fluid.
    As fluorescent agents, there may be mentioned naphthalimides, perylenes, coumarins, anthracenes, phenanthracenes, xanthenes, thioxanthenes, naphthoxanhtenes, fluoresceins and derivatives and combinations thereof.
    As odorants, mention may be made of alkylacrylates, allylacrylates, acrylic acids, acrylesters, alkyl ethers, alkyl esters, alkynes, aldehydes, thiols, thioethers, disulfides, allylisothiocyanates, alkanoic acids , amines, norbornenes, norbornene derivatives, cyclohexene, heterocyclic aromatics, ascaridole, 10-methoxy (methyl) phenol and combinations thereof.
    General presentation of the heat transfer process
    The heat transfer method of the invention is implemented in a heat transfer installation. The heat transfer installation preferably includes a vapor compression system. The system contains the heat transfer composition (including the heat transfer fluid), which provides the heat transfer.
    The heat transfer process can be a process of heating or cooling a fluid or a body.
    In some embodiments, the vapor compression system is:
    - an air conditioning system; or
    - a refrigeration system; or
    - a freezing system; or
    - a heat pump system.
    The installation can be mobile or stationary.
    Thus, the heat transfer method can be a stationary air conditioning method (in residential premises or in industrial or commercial premises), or mobile air conditioning, in particular automobile air conditioning, a stationary refrigeration method, or mobile refrigeration ( eg refrigerated transport), or a stationary freezing or deep freezing process, or mobile freezing or deep freezing (eg refrigerated transport), or a stationary heating process, or mobile heating (eg automobile).
    The heat transfer process advantageously comprises the following steps, implemented cyclically:
    - the evaporation of the refrigerant in an evaporator;
    - compression of the refrigerant in a compressor;
    - condensation of the refrigerant in a condenser; and
    - expansion of the refrigerant in an expansion module.
    The refrigerant can be evaporated from a liquid phase or from a two-phase liquid / vapor phase.
    The compressor can be hermetic, semi-hermetic or open. Hermetic compressors include a motor part and a compression part which are confined in a non-removable hermetic enclosure. Semi-hermetic compressors include a motor part and a compression part which are directly assembled one against the other. The coupling between the engine part and the compression part is accessible by dissociating the two parts by disassembly. The open compressors include a motor part and a compression part which are separate. They can operate by belt drive or by direct coupling.
    As a compressor, it is possible in particular to use a dynamic compressor, or a positive displacement compressor.
    Dynamic compressors include axial compressors and centrifugal compressors, which can be one or more stages. Centrifugal mini-compressors can also be used.
    Positive displacement compressors include rotary compressors and reciprocating compressors.
    Reciprocating compressors include diaphragm compressors and piston compressors.
    Rotary compressors include screw compressors, lobe compressors, scroll (or scroll) compressors, liquid ring compressors, and vane compressors. The screw compressors can preferably be twin-screw or single-screw.
    In the installation which is used, the compressor can be driven by an electric motor or by a gas turbine (for example supplied by the exhaust gases of a vehicle, for mobile applications) or by gear.
    The evaporator and the condenser are heat exchangers. It is possible to use any type of heat exchanger in the invention, and in particular co-current heat exchangers or, preferably, counter-current heat exchangers.
    By “counter-current heat exchanger” is meant a heat exchanger in which heat is exchanged between a first fluid and a second fluid, the first fluid at the inlet of the exchanger exchanging heat with the second fluid at the outlet of the exchanger, and the first fluid at the outlet of the exchanger exchanging heat with the second fluid at the inlet of the exchanger.
    For example, counter-current heat exchangers include devices in which the flow of the first fluid and the flow of the second fluid are in opposite directions, or almost opposite. Exchangers operating in cross-current mode with counter-current tendency are also included among the counter-current heat exchangers.
    The installation can also optionally include at least one heat transfer fluid circuit used to transport the heat (with or without change of state) between the circuit of the heat transfer composition and the fluid or body to be heated or cooled.
    The installation can also optionally include two (or more) vapor compression circuits, containing identical or distinct heat transfer compositions. For example, the vapor compression circuits can be coupled together. In this case, at least one of these circuits contains the heat transfer fluid according to the invention, the other possibly containing another heat transfer fluid.
    In certain embodiments, the refrigerant is overheated between evaporation and compression, that is to say it is brought to a temperature higher than the end of evaporation temperature, between evaporation and compression.
    "Evaporation start temperature" means the temperature of the refrigerant entering the evaporator.
    By "end of evaporation temperature" is meant the temperature of the refrigerant during the evaporation of the last drop of refrigerant in liquid form (saturated vapor temperature or dew temperature).
    When the refrigerant is an azeotropic mixture, the temperature at the start of evaporation is equal to the temperature at the end of evaporation. For zeotropic mixtures, the temperature shift at the evaporator is defined as the difference between the end of evaporation temperature and the start of evaporation temperature.
    The heat transfer method according to the invention is preferably implemented with a temperature shift less than or equal to 10 ° C, or 8 ° C, or 6 ° C, or 5 ° C, or 4 ° C, or 3 ° C, or 2 ° C, or 1 ° C.
    "Average evaporation temperature" means the arithmetic mean between the temperature at the start of evaporation and the temperature at the end of evaporation.
    The term “superheat” (here equivalent to “evaporator overheating”) designates the temperature differential between the maximum temperature reached by the refrigerant before compression (ie the maximum temperature reached by the refrigerant at the end of the superheating step) and the end of evaporation temperature. This maximum temperature is generally the temperature of the refrigerant entering the compressor. It can correspond to the temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the evaporator. Alternatively, the refrigerant may be at least partially overheated between the evaporator and the compressor (for example by means of an internal exchanger). The overheating can be adjusted by an adequate adjustment of the installation parameters, and in particular by an adjustment of the expansion module.
    In the process of the invention, preferably overheating is applied. Overheating can be between 1 and 2 ° C; or 2 to 3 ° C; or from 3 to 4 ° C; or from 4 to 5 ° C; or from 5 to 7 ° C; or from 7 to 10 ° C; or from 10 to 15 ° C; or from 15 to 20 ° C; or from 20 to 25 ° C; or from 25 to 30 ° C; or from 30 to 50 ° C.
    The expansion module can be a thermostatic valve called a thermostatic or electronic regulator with one or more ports, or a pressure regulator that regulates the pressure. It can also be a capillary tube in which the expansion of the fluid is obtained by the pressure drop in the tube. The expansion module can also be a turbine to produce mechanical work (which can be converted into electricity), or a turbine coupled directly or indirectly to the compressor.
    The average condensation temperature is defined as the arithmetic mean between the temperature at the start of condensation (temperature of the refrigerant in the condenser when the first liquid drop of refrigerant appears, called vapor saturation temperature or dew temperature ) and the temperature at the end of the condensation (temperature of the refrigerant during the condensation of the last bubble of refrigerant in gaseous form, called liquid saturation temperature or bubble temperature).
    The term “sub-cooling” designates the possible temperature differential (in absolute value) between the minimum temperature reached by the refrigerant before expansion and the temperature at the end of condensation. Generally this minimum temperature corresponds to the temperature of the refrigerant at the inlet of the expansion module. It can correspond to the temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser. Alternatively, the refrigerant can be at least partially sub-cooled between the condenser and the expansion module (for example by means of an internal exchanger).
    Preferably, in the process of the invention, a sub-cooling (strictly greater than 0 ° C) is applied, preferably a sub-cooling of 1 to 40 ° C, a sub-cooling of 1 to 30 ° C, a sub-cooling from 1 to 15 ° C, more preferably from 2 to 12 ° C and more preferably from 5 to 10 ° C.
    The invention is particularly useful when the average evaporation temperature is less than or equal to 10 ° C; or less than or equal to 5 ° C; or less than or equal to 0 ° C; or less than or equal to -5 ° C; or less than or equal to -10 ° C.
    Thus, the invention is particularly useful for the implementation of a refrigeration process at low temperature, or cooling at moderate temperature, or heating at moderate temperature.
    In “low temperature refrigeration” processes, the average evaporation temperature is preferably from -45 ° C to -15 ° C, in particular from -40 ° C to -20 ° C, more particularly from - 35 ° C to -25 ° C and for example about -30 ° C; and the average condensation temperature is preferably from 25 ° C to 80 ° C, in particular from 30 ° C to 60 ° C, more particularly preferably from 35 ° C to 55 ° C and for example around 40 ° C . These methods include in particular the freezing and deep-freezing methods.
    In “moderate temperature cooling” processes, the average evaporation temperature is preferably from -20 ° C to 10 ° C, in particular from -15 ° C to 5 ° C, more particularly from -10 ° C at 0 ° C and for example around -5 ° C; and the average condensation temperature is preferably from 25 ° C to 80 ° C, in particular from 30 ° C to 60 ° C, more particularly preferably from 35 ° C to 55 ° C and for example around 50 ° C . These methods can be in particular refrigeration or air conditioning methods.
    In “moderate temperature heating” processes, the average evaporation temperature is preferably from -20 ° C to 10 ° C, in particular from -15 ° C to 5 ° C, more particularly preferably from 10 ° C at 0 ° C and for example around -5 ° C; and the average condensation temperature is preferably from 25 ° C to 80 ° C, in particular from 30 ° C to 60 ° C, more particularly preferably from 35 ° C to 55 ° C and for example around 50 ° C .
    In certain embodiments, the heat transfer installation was originally designed to operate with another heat transfer fluid, known as the initial heat transfer fluid (which may in particular be R41 OA).
    In certain embodiments, the heat transfer fluid of the invention is a so-called replacement heat transfer fluid, that is to say that it is used in a heat transfer installation which was previously used to put implementing a heat transfer process with another heat transfer fluid, called the initial heat transfer fluid (which can in particular be R-410A).
    The two preceding paragraphs correspond to the hypothesis of a replacement.
    In certain embodiments, the method of the invention successively comprises:
    - implementation with the initial heat transfer fluid;
    - the replacement of the initial heat transfer fluid with the replacement heat transfer fluid (according to the invention); and
    - implementation with the replacement heat transfer fluid.
    In other embodiments, the installation is directly implemented with the replacement heat transfer fluid, without being implemented with the initial heat transfer fluid - and this, although it is, by its original design, adapted to work with the initial heat transfer fluid.
    This assumption is, by extension, also considered a case of "replacement" within the meaning of the invention.
    The replacement is particularly advantageous when the initial heat transfer fluid has a GWP greater than that of the replacement heat transfer fluid.
    In addition to R410A, the invention also applies in particular to the replacement of R22.
    Heat transfer fluid of the invention
    The heat transfer fluid of the invention includes HFO-1123 and CO2.
    Thus, the heat transfer fluid can comprise, by weight: from 1 to 5% of HFO-1123; or from 5 to 10% of HFO-1123; or from 10 to 15% of HFO1123; or from 15 to 20% of HFO-1123; or from 20 to 25% of HFO-1123; or from 25 to 30% of HFO-1123; or from 30 to 35% of HFO-1123; or from 35 to 40% of HFO-1123; or from 40 to 45% of HFO-1123; or from 45 to 50% of HFO1123; or from 50 to 55% of HFO-1123; or from 55 to 60% of HFO-1123; or from 60 to 65% of HFO-1123; or from 65 to 70% of HFO-1123; or from 70 to 75% of HFO-1123; or from 75 to 80% of HFO-1123; or from 80 to 85% of HFO1123; or 85 to 90% HFO-1123; or 90 to 95% HFO-1123; or 95 to 99% HFO-1123. In certain embodiments, it is preferred that the content of HFO-1123 is not too high, taking into account the tendency of this compound to exhibit explosive properties when it is not mixed with sufficient contents of other non-explosive compounds.
    The heat transfer fluid can comprise, by weight: from 1 to 5% of CO2; or from 5 to 10% of CO2; or from 10 to 15% of CO2; or from 15 to 20% of CO2; or from 20 to 25% of CO2; or from 25 to 30% of CO2; or from 30 to 35% of CO2; or from 35 to 40% of CO2; or from 40 to 45% of CO2; or from 45 to 50% of CO2; or from 50 to 55% of CO2; or from 55 to 60% of CO2; or from 60 to 65% of CO2; or from 65 to 70% of CO2; or from 70 to 75% of CO2; or from 75 to 80% of CO2; or from 80 to 85% of CO2; or from 85 to 90% of CO2; or from 90 to 95% of CO2; or 95 to 99% CO2.
    The heat transfer fluid may optionally further comprise one or more other heat transfer compounds, in addition to HFO-1123 and CO 2 .
    The heat transfer fluid can thus be:
    - a binary composition (consisting, or consisting essentially, of impurities, of HFO-1123 and CO2);
    - a ternary composition (consisting, or consisting essentially, of impurities, of three heat transfer compounds);
    - a quaternary composition (consisting, or essentially consisting, apart from impurities, of four heat transfer compounds);
    - a five-year composition (consisting of, or essentially consisting of, apart from impurities, in five heat transfer compounds);
    - a senaire composition (consisting of, or essentially consisting of, apart from impurities, in six heat transfer compounds); or
    - a septenary composition (consisting, or essentially consisting, apart from impurities, of seven heat transfer compounds).
    When a compound exists in the form of stereoisomers (in particular cis / trans or Z / E), by convention mixtures of two stereoisomers count as a single compound for the purposes of the above classification.
    The heat transfer compounds which may be present in the composition, in addition to HFO-1123 and CO2, can in particular be chosen from:
    - ammonia;
    - alkanes, and in particular propane;
    - alkenes, and in particular propylene;
    - hydrofluoroolefins, and in particular 2,3,3,3-tetrafluopropene (HFO-1234yf), 1,3,3,3-tetrafluopropene (HFO-1234ze) and 1,1,1,4,4,4 -hexafluorobut-2-ene (HFO-1336mzz); it being understood that the term “HFO-1234ze” designates either the Z form or the E form of the compound, or a mixture of the two forms, and preferably designates the E form or a mixture containing at least 90% by weight of form E, or at least 95% by weight of form E, or at least 99% by weight of form E); and it being understood that the term “HFO-1336mzz” designates either the Z form or the E form of the compound, or a mixture of the two forms;
    - hydrochlorofluoroolefins, and in particular 1-chloro-3,3,3tetrafluoropropene (HCFO-1233zd); it being understood that the term “HFO-1233zd” designates either the Z form or the E form of the compound, or a mixture of the two forms, and preferably designates the E form or a mixture containing at least 90% by weight of form E, or at least 95% by weight of form E, or at least 99% by weight of form E);
    - saturated hydrofluorocarbons, and in particular:
    o 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a);
    o pentafluoroethane (HFC-125);
    o difluoromethane (HFC-32);
    o 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea);
    o 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R-143a);
    o 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa);
    o 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134);
    o 1,1 -difluoroethane (HFC-152a).
    HFO-1234yf, HFO-1234ze, HFC-134a, HFC-125 and HFC-32 are more particularly preferred.
    HFC-134a, HFC-125 and HFC-32 are particularly preferred.
    In certain embodiments, the heat transfer fluid, in addition to HFO-1123 and CO2, comprises:
    - HFC-134a, and optionally one or more other compounds chosen from the above compounds and preferably chosen from HFO-1234yf, HFO-1234ze, HFC-125 and HFC-32; or
    - HFC-32, and optionally one or more other compounds chosen from the above compounds and preferably chosen from HFO-1234yf, HFO-1234ze, HFC-125 and HFC-134a; or
    - HFC-125, and optionally one or more other compounds chosen from the above compounds and preferably chosen from HFO-1234yf, HFO-1234ze, HFC-32 and HFC-134a; or
    - HFO-1234yf, and optionally one or more other compounds chosen from the above compounds and preferably chosen from HFO-1234ze, HFC-32, HFC-125 and HFC-134a; or
    - HFO-1234ze, and optionally one or more other compounds chosen from the above compounds and preferably chosen from HFO-1234yf, HFC-32, HFC-125 and HFC-134a.
    East :
    In some embodiments, the heat transfer fluid
    - a ternary composition of HFO-1123, CO2 and HFC-134a; or
    - a ternary composition of HFO-1123, CO2 and HFC-32; or
    - a ternary composition of HFO-1123, CO2 and HFC-125; or
    - a ternary composition of HFO-1123, CO2 and HFO-1234yf; or
    - a ternary composition of HFO-1123, CO2 and HFO-1234ze; or
    - a quaternary composition HFC-134a and HFC-32; or of HFO-1123, of CO2, of - a quaternary composition of HFO-1123, of CO2, of HFC-134a and HFC-125; or- a quaternary composition of HFO-1123, of CO2, of HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf; or- a quaternary composition of HFO-1123, of CO2, of
    HFC-134a and HFO-1234ze; or
    - a quaternary composition of HFO-1123, CO2, HFC-125 and HFC-32; or
    - a quaternary composition of HFO-1123, CO2, HFC-125 and HFO-1234yf; or
    - a quaternary composition of HFO-1123, CO2, HFC-125 and HFO-1234ze; or
    - a quaternary composition of HFO-1123, CO2, HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf; or
    - a quaternary composition of HFO-1123, CO2, HFC-32 and HFO-1234ze; or
    a quaternary composition of HFO-1123, of CO2, of HFO-1234yf and HFO-1234ze; or a five-year composition of HFO-1123,HFC-134a, HFC-32 and HFC-125; or of CO2, of a five-year composition of HFO-1123,HFC-134a, HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf; or of CO2, of a five-year composition of HFO-1123, HFC-134a, HFC-32 and HFO-1234ze; or of CO2, of a five-year composition of HFO-1123, HFC-134a, HFC-125 and HFO-1234yf; or of CO2, of
    - a five-year composition of HFO-1123, CO2,
    HFC-134a, HFC-125 and HFO-1234ze; or
    - a five-year composition of HFO-1123, CO2,
    HFC-134a, HFO-1234yf and HFO-1234ze; or
    - a senal composition of HFO-1123, CO2, HFC-134a,
    HFC-32, HFC-125 and HFO-1234yf; or
    - a senatorial composition of HFO-1123, CO2, HFC-134a, HFC-32, HFC-125 and HFO-1234ze; or
    - a septenary composition of HFO-1123, CO2, HFC-134a, HFC-32, HFC-125, HFO-1234yf and HFO-1234ze.
    In certain embodiments, the heat transfer fluid consists essentially (see consists) of the heat transfer compounds present in the weight ranges which are indicated in the tables below:
    Composition No. HFO-1123 CO 2 A1 1-10% 90-99% A2 10-20% 80-90% A3 20-30% 70-80% A4 30-40% 60-70% AT 5 40-50% 50-60% A6 50-60% 40-50% A7 60-70% 30-40% AT 8 70-80% 20-30% A9 80-90% 10-20% A10 90-99% 1-10%
    Table A - compositions consisting essentially (see consisting) of
    HFO-1123 and CO 2
    Composition No. HFO-1123 CO2 HFC-125 B1 1-10% 1-10% 80-90% B2 1-10% 1-10% 90-98% B3 1-10% 10-20% 70-80% B4 1-10% 10-20% 80-89% B5 1-10% 20-30% 60-70% B6 1-10% 20-30% 70-79% B7 1-10% 30-40% 50-60%
    Composition No. HFO-1123 CO 2 HFC-125 B8 1-10% 30-40% 60-69% B9 1-10% 40-50% 40-50% B10 1-10% 40-50% 50-59% B11 1-10% 50-60% 30-40% B12 1-10% 50-60% 40-49% B13 1-10% 60-70% 20-30% B14 1-10% 60-70% 30-39% B15 1-10% 70-80% 10-20% B16 1-10% 70-80% 20-29% B17 1-10% 80-90% 1-10% B18 1-10% 80-90% 10-19% B19 1-9% 90-98% 1-9% B20 10-20% 1-10% 70-80% B21 10-20% 1-10% 80-89% B22 10-20% 10-20% 60-70% B23 10-20% 10-20% 70-80% B24 10-20% 20-30% 50-60% B25 10-20% 20-30% 60-70% B26 10-20% 30-40% 40-50% B27 10-20% 30-40% 50-60% B28 10-20% 40-50% 30-40% B29 10-20% 40-50% 40-50% B30 10-20% 50-60% 20-30% B31 10-20% 50-60% 30-40% B32 10-20% 60-70% 10-20% B33 10-20% 60-70% 20-30% B34 10-20% 70-80% 1-10% B35 10-20% 70-80% 10-20% B36 10-19% 80-89% 1-10% B37 20-30% 1-10% 60-70% B38 20-30% 1-10% 70-79% B39 20-30% 10-20% 50-60% B40 20-30% 10-20% 60-70% B41 20-30% 20-30% 40-50% B42 20-30% 20-30% 50-60% B43 20-30% 30-40% 30-40%
    Composition No. HFO-1123 CO 2 HFC-125 B44 20-30% 30-40% 40-50% B45 20-30% 40-50% 20-30% B46 20-30% 40-50% 30-40% B47 20-30% 50-60% 10-20% B48 20-30% 50-60% 20-30% B49 20-30% 60-70% 1-10% B50 20-30% 60-70% 10-20% B51 20-29% 70-79% 1-10% B-52 30-40% 1-10% 50-60% B53 30-40% 1-10% 60-69% B54 30-40% 10-20% 40-50% B55 30-40% 10-20% 50-60% B56 30-40% 20-30% 30-40% B57 30-40% 20-30% 40-50% B58 30-40% 30-40% 20-30% B59 30-40% 30-40% 30-40% B60 30-40% 40-50% 10-20% B61 30-40% 40-50% 20-30% B62 30-40% 50-60% 1-10% B63 30-40% 50-60% 10-20% B64 30-39% 60-69% 1-10% B65 40-50% 1-10% 40-50% B66 40-50% 1-10% 50-59% B67 40-50% 10-20% 30-40% B68 40-50% 10-20% 40-50% B69 40-50% 20-30% 20-30% B70 40-50% 20-30% 30-40% B71 40-50% 30-40% 10-20% B72 40-50% 20-30% 20-30% B73 40-50% 40-50% 1-10% B74 40-50% 40-50% 10-20% B75 40-49% 50-59% 1-10% B77 50-60% 1-10% 30-40% B77 50-60% 1-10% 40-49% B78 50-60% 10-20% 20-30% B79 50-60% 10-20% 30-40%
    Composition No. HFO-1123 CO 2 HFC-125 B80 50-60% 20-30% 10-20% B81 50-60% 20-30% 20-30% B82 50-60% 30-40% 1-10% B83 50-60% 30-40% 10-20% B84 50-59% 40-49% 1-10% B85 60-70% 1-10% 20-30% B86 60-70% 1-10% 30-39% B87 60-70% 10-20% 10-20% B88 60-70% 10-20% 20-30% B89 60-70% 20-30% 1-10% B90 60-70% 20-30% 10-20% B91 60-69% 30-39% 1-10% B92 70-80% 1-10% 10-20% B93 70-80% 1-10% 20-29% B94 70-80% 10-20% 1-10% B95 70-80% 10-20% 10-20% B96 70-79% 20-29% 1-10% B97 80-90% 1-10% 1-10% B98 80-90% 1-10% 10-19% B99 80-89% 10-19% 1-10% B100 90-98% 1-9% 1-9%
    Table B - compositions consisting essentially (see consisting) of
    HFO-1123, CO 2 and HFC-125
    Composition No. HFO-1123 CO2 HFC-134a C1 1-10% 1-10% 80-90% C2 1-10% 1-10% 90-98% C3 1-10% 10-20% 70-80% C4 1-10% 10-20% 80-89% C5 1-10% 20-30% 60-70% C6 1-10% 20-30% 70-79% C7 1-10% 30-40% 50-60% C8 1-10% 30-40% 60-69% C9 1-10% 40-50% 40-50% C10 1-10% 40-50% 50-59%
    Composition No. HFO-1123 CO 2 H FC-134a C11 1-10% 50-60% 30-40% C12 1-10% 50-60% 40-49% C13 1-10% 60-70% 20-30% C14 1-10% 60-70% 30-39% C15 1-10% 70-80% 10-20% C16 1-10% 70-80% 20-29% C17 1-10% 80-90% 1-10% C18 1-10% 80-90% 10-19% C19 1-9% 90-98% 1-9% C20 10-20% 1-10% 70-80% C21 10-20% 1-10% 80-89% C22 10-20% 10-20% 60-70% C23 10-20% 10-20% 70-80% C24 10-20% 20-30% 50-60% C25 10-20% 20-30% 60-70% C26 10-20% 30-40% 40-50% C27 10-20% 30-40% 50-60% C28 10-20% 40-50% 30-40% C29 10-20% 40-50% 40-50% C30 10-20% 50-60% 20-30% C31 10-20% 50-60% 30-40% C32 10-20% 60-70% 10-20% C33 10-20% 60-70% 20-30% C34 10-20% 70-80% 1-10% C35 10-20% 70-80% 10-20% C36 10-19% 80-89% 1-10% C37 20-30% 1-10% 60-70% C38 20-30% 1-10% 70-79% C39 20-30% 10-20% 50-60% C40 20-30% 10-20% 60-70% C41 20-30% 20-30% 40-50% C42 20-30% 20-30% 50-60% C43 20-30% 30-40% 30-40% C44 20-30% 30-40% 40-50% C45 20-30% 40-50% 20-30% C46 20-30% 40-50% 30-40%
    Composition No. HFO-1123 CO 2 H FC-134a C47 20-30% 50-60% 10-20% C48 20-30% 50-60% 20-30% C49 20-30% 60-70% 1-10% C50 20-30% 60-70% 10-20% C51 20-29% 70-79% 1-10% C52 30-40% 1-10% 50-60% C53 30-40% 1-10% 60-69% C54 30-40% 10-20% 40-50% C55 30-40% 10-20% 50-60% C56 30-40% 20-30% 30-40% C57 30-40% 20-30% 40-50% C58 30-40% 30-40% 20-30% C59 30-40% 30-40% 30-40% C60 30-40% 40-50% 10-20% C61 30-40% 40-50% 20-30% C62 30-40% 50-60% 1-10% C63 30-40% 50-60% 10-20% C64 30-39% 60-69% 1-10% C65 40-50% 1-10% 40-50% C66 40-50% 1-10% 50-59% C67 40-50% 10-20% 30-40% C68 40-50% 10-20% 40-50% C69 40-50% 20-30% 20-30% C70 40-50% 20-30% 30-40% C71 40-50% 30-40% 10-20% C72 40-50% 20-30% 20-30% C73 40-50% 40-50% 1-10% C74 40-50% 40-50% 10-20% C75 40-49% 50-59% 1-10% C77 50-60% 1-10% 30-40% C77 50-60% 1-10% 40-49% C78 50-60% 10-20% 20-30% C79 50-60% 10-20% 30-40% C80 50-60% 20-30% 10-20% C81 50-60% 20-30% 20-30% C82 50-60% 30-40% 1-10%
    Composition No. HFO-1123 CO 2 HFC-134a C83 50-60% 30-40% 10-20% C84 50-59% 40-49% 1-10% C85 60-70% 1-10% 20-30% C86 60-70% 1-10% 30-39% C87 60-70% 10-20% 10-20% C88 60-70% 10-20% 20-30% C89 60-70% 20-30% 1-10% C90 60-70% 20-30% 10-20% C91 60-69% 30-39% 1-10% C92 70-80% 1-10% 10-20% C93 70-80% 1-10% 20-29% C94 70-80% 10-20% 1-10% C95 70-80% 10-20% 10-20% C96 70-79% 20-29% 1-10% C97 80-90% 1-10% 1-10% C98 80-90% 1-10% 10-19% C99 80-89% 10-19% 1-10% C100 90-98% 1-9% 1-9%
    Table C - compositions consisting essentially (see consisting) of
    HFO-1123, CO 2 and HFC-134a
    Composition No. HFO-1123 CO2 HFC-32 D1 1-10% 1-10% 80-90% D2 1-10% 1-10% 90-98% D3 1-10% 10-20% 70-80% D4 1-10% 10-20% 80-89% D5 1-10% 20-30% 60-70% D6 1-10% 20-30% 70-79% D7 1-10% 30-40% 50-60% D8 1-10% 30-40% 60-69% D9 1-10% 40-50% 40-50% D10 1-10% 40-50% 50-59% D11 1-10% 50-60% 30-40% D12 1-10% 50-60% 40-49% D13 1-10% 60-70% 20-30%
    Composition No. HFO-1123 CO 2 H FC-32 D14 1-10% 60-70% 30-39% D15 1-10% 70-80% 10-20% D16 1-10% 70-80% 20-29% D17 1-10% 80-90% 1-10% D18 1-10% 80-90% 10-19% D19 1-9% 90-98% 1-9% D20 10-20% 1-10% 70-80% D21 10-20% 1-10% 80-89% D22 10-20% 10-20% 60-70% D23 10-20% 10-20% 70-80% D24 10-20% 20-30% 50-60% D25 10-20% 20-30% 60-70% D26 10-20% 30-40% 40-50% D27 10-20% 30-40% 50-60% D28 10-20% 40-50% 30-40% D29 10-20% 40-50% 40-50% D30 10-20% 50-60% 20-30% D31 10-20% 50-60% 30-40% D32 10-20% 60-70% 10-20% D33 10-20% 60-70% 20-30% D34 10-20% 70-80% 1-10% D35 10-20% 70-80% 10-20% D36 10-19% 80-89% 1-10% D37 20-30% 1-10% 60-70% D38 20-30% 1-10% 70-79% D39 20-30% 10-20% 50-60% D40 20-30% 10-20% 60-70% D41 20-30% 20-30% 40-50% D42 20-30% 20-30% 50-60% D43 20-30% 30-40% 30-40% D44 20-30% 30-40% 40-50% D45 20-30% 40-50% 20-30% D46 20-30% 40-50% 30-40% D47 20-30% 50-60% 10-20% D48 20-30% 50-60% 20-30% D49 20-30% 60-70% 1-10%
    Composition No. HFO-1123 CO 2 H FC-32 D50 20-30% 60-70% 10-20% D51 20-29% 70-79% 1-10% D52 30-40% 1-10% 50-60% D53 30-40% 1-10% 60-69% D54 30-40% 10-20% 40-50% D55 30-40% 10-20% 50-60% D56 30-40% 20-30% 30-40% D57 30-40% 20-30% 40-50% D58 30-40% 30-40% 20-30% D59 30-40% 30-40% 30-40% D60 30-40% 40-50% 10-20% D61 30-40% 40-50% 20-30% D62 30-40% 50-60% 1-10% D63 30-40% 50-60% 10-20% D64 30-39% 60-69% 1-10% D65 40-50% 1-10% 40-50% D66 40-50% 1-10% 50-59% D67 40-50% 10-20% 30-40% D68 40-50% 10-20% 40-50% D69 40-50% 20-30% 20-30% D70 40-50% 20-30% 30-40% D71 40-50% 30-40% 10-20% D72 40-50% 20-30% 20-30% D73 40-50% 40-50% 1-10% D74 40-50% 40-50% 10-20% D75 40-49% 50-59% 1-10% D77 50-60% 1-10% 30-40% D77 50-60% 1-10% 40-49% D78 50-60% 10-20% 20-30% D79 50-60% 10-20% 30-40% D80 50-60% 20-30% 10-20% D81 50-60% 20-30% 20-30% D82 50-60% 30-40% 1-10% D83 50-60% 30-40% 10-20% D84 50-59% 40-49% 1-10% D85 60-70% 1-10% 20-30%
    Composition No. HFO-1123 CO 2 HFC-32 D86 60-70% 1-10% 30-39% D87 60-70% 10-20% 10-20% D88 60-70% 10-20% 20-30% D89 60-70% 20-30% 1-10% D90 60-70% 20-30% 10-20% D91 60-69% 30-39% 1-10% D92 70-80% 1-10% 10-20% D93 70-80% 1-10% 20-29% D94 70-80% 10-20% 1-10% D95 70-80% 10-20% 10-20% D96 70-79% 20-29% 1-10% D97 80-90% 1-10% 1-10% D98 80-90% 1-10% 10-19% D99 80-89% 10-19% 1-10% D100 90-98% 1-9% 1-9%
    Table D - compositions consisting essentially (see consisting) of
    HFO-1123, CO 2 and HFC-32
    Composition No. HFO-1123 CO 2 HFC-125 HFC-134a E1 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% 40-60% E2 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% 60-80% E3 1-18% 1-18% 1-18% 80-97% E4 1-20% 1-20% 20-40% 20-40% E5 1-20% 1-20% 20-40% 40-60% E6 1-19% 1-19% 20-38% 60-78% E7 1-20% 1-20% 40-60% 1-20% E8 1-20% 1-20% 40-60% 20-40% E9 1-19% 1-19% 40-58% 40-58% E10 1-20% 1-20% 60-80% 1-20% E11 1-19% 1-19% 60-78% 20-38% E12 1-18% 1-18% 80-97% 1-18% E13 1-20% 20-40% 1-20% 20-40% E14 1-20% 20-40% 1-20% 40-60% E15 1-19% 20-38% 1-19% 60-78% E16 1-20% 20-40% 20-40% 1-20%
    Composition No. HFO-1123 CO 2 HFC-125 H FC-134a E17 1-20% 20-40% 20-40% 20-40% E18 1-20% 20-39% 20-39% 40-59% E19 1-20% 20-40% 40-60% 1-20% E20 1-20% 20-39% 40-59% 20-39% E21 1-19% 20-38% 60-78% 1-19% E22 1-20% 40-60% 1-20% 1-20% E23 1-20% 40-60% 1-20% 20-40% E24 1-19% 40-58% 1-19% 40-58% E25 1-20% 40-60% 20-40% 1-20% E26 1-20% 40-59% 20-39% 20-39% E27 1-19% 40-58% 40-58% 1-19% E28 1-20% 60-80% 1-20% 1-20% E29 1-19% 60-78% 1-19% 20-38% E30 1-19% 60-78% 20-38% 1-19% E31 1-18% 80-97% 1-18% 1-18% E32 20-40% 1-20% 1-20% 20-40% E33 20-40% 1-20% 1-20% 40-60% E34 20-38% 1-19% 1-19% 60-78% E35 20-40% 1-20% 20-40% 1-20% E36 20-40% 1-20% 20-40% 20-40% E37 20-39% 1-20% 20-39% 40-59% E38 20-40% 1-20% 40-60% 1-20% E39 20-39% 1-20% 40-59% 20-39% E40 20-38% 1-19% 60-78% 1-19% E41 20-40% 20-40% 1-20% 1-20% E42 20-40% 20-40% 1-20% 20-40% E43 20-39% 20-39% 1-20% 40-59% E44 20-40% 20-40% 20-40% 1-20% E45 20-40% 20-40% 20-40% 20-40% E46 20-39% 20-39% 40-59% 1-20% E47 20-40% 40-60% 1-20% 1-20% E48 20-39% 40-59% 1-20% 20-39% E49 20-39% 40-59% 20-39% 1-20% E50 20-38% 60-78% 1-19% 1-19% E51 40-60% 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% E52 40-60% 1-20% 1-20% 20-40%
    Composition No. HFO-1123 CO 2 HFC-125 HFC-134a E53 40-58% 1-19% 1-19% 40-58% E54 40-60% 1-20% 20-40% 1-20% E55 40-59% 1-20% 20-39% 20-39% E56 40-58% 1-19% 40-58% 1-19% E57 40-60% 20-40% 1-20% 1-20% E58 40-59% 20-39% 1-20% 20-39% E59 40-59% 20-39% 20-39% 1-20% E60 40-58% 40-58% 1-19% 1-19% E61 60-80% 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% E62 60-78% 1-19% 1-19% 20-38% E63 60-78% 1-19% 20-38% 1-19% E64 60-78% 20-38% 1-19% 1-19% E65 80-97% 1-18% 1-18% 1-18%
    Table E - compositions consisting essentially (see consisting) of
    HFO-1123, CO 2 , HFC-125 and HFC-134a
    Composition No. HFO-1123 CO 2 HFC-125 HFC-32 F1 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% 40-60% F2 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% 60-80% F3 1-18% 1-18% 1-18% 80-97% F4 1-20% 1-20% 20-40% 20-40% F5 1-20% 1-20% 20-40% 40-60% F6 1-19% 1-19% 20-38% 60-78% F7 1-20% 1-20% 40-60% 1-20% F8 1-20% 1-20% 40-60% 20-40% F9 1-19% 1-19% 40-58% 40-58% F10 1-20% 1-20% 60-80% 1-20% F11 1-19% 1-19% 60-78% 20-38% F12 1-18% 1-18% 80-97% 1-18% F13 1-20% 20-40% 1-20% 20-40% F14 1-20% 20-40% 1-20% 40-60% F15 1-19% 20-38% 1-19% 60-78% F16 1-20% 20-40% 20-40% 1-20% F17 1-20% 20-40% 20-40% 20-40%
    Composition No. HFO-1123 CO 2 HFC-125 H FC-32 F18 1-20% 20-39% 20-39% 40-59% F19 1-20% 20-40% 40-60% 1-20% F20 1-20% 20-39% 40-59% 20-39% F21 1-19% 20-38% 60-78% 1-19% F22 1-20% 40-60% 1-20% 1-20% F23 1-20% 40-60% 1-20% 20-40% F24 1-19% 40-58% 1-19% 40-58% F25 1-20% 40-60% 20-40% 1-20% F26 1-20% 40-59% 20-39% 20-39% F27 1-19% 40-58% 40-58% 1-19% F28 1-20% 60-80% 1-20% 1-20% F29 1-19% 60-78% 1-19% 20-38% F30 1-19% 60-78% 20-38% 1-19% F31 1-18% 80-97% 1-18% 1-18% F32 20-40% 1-20% 1-20% 20-40% F33 20-40% 1-20% 1-20% 40-60% F34 20-38% 1-19% 1-19% 60-78% F35 20-40% 1-20% 20-40% 1-20% F36 20-40% 1-20% 20-40% 20-40% F37 20-39% 1-20% 20-39% 40-59% F38 20-40% 1-20% 40-60% 1-20% F39 20-39% 1-20% 40-59% 20-39% F40 20-38% 1-19% 60-78% 1-19% F41 20-40% 20-40% 1-20% 1-20% F42 20-40% 20-40% 1-20% 20-40% F43 20-39% 20-39% 1-20% 40-59% F44 20-40% 20-40% 20-40% 1-20% F45 20-40% 20-40% 20-40% 20-40% F46 20-39% 20-39% 40-59% 1-20% F47 20-40% 40-60% 1-20% 1-20% F48 20-39% 40-59% 1-20% 20-39% F49 20-39% 40-59% 20-39% 1-20% F50 20-38% 60-78% 1-19% 1-19% F51 40-60% 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% F52 40-60% 1-20% 1-20% 20-40% F53 40-58% 1-19% 1-19% 40-58%
    Composition No. HFO-1123 CO 2 HFC-125 HFC-32 F54 40-60% 1-20% 20-40% 1-20% F55 40-59% 1-20% 20-39% 20-39% F56 40-58% 1-19% 40-58% 1-19% F57 40-60% 20-40% 1-20% 1-20% F58 40-59% 20-39% 1-20% 20-39% F59 40-59% 20-39% 20-39% 1-20% F60 40-58% 40-58% 1-19% 1-19% F61 60-80% 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% F62 60-78% 1-19% 1-19% 20-38% F63 60-78% 1-19% 20-38% 1-19% F64 60-78% 20-38% 1-19% 1-19% F65 80-97% 1-18% 1-18% 1-18%
    Table F - compositions consisting essentially (see consisting) of
    HFO-1123, CO 2 , HFC-125 and HFC-32
    Composition No. HFO-1123 CO 2 HFC-32 HFC-134a G1 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% 40-60% G2 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% 60-80% G3 1-18% 1-18% 1-18% 80-97% G4 1-20% 1-20% 20-40% 20-40% G5 1-20% 1-20% 20-40% 40-60% G6 1-19% 1-19% 20-38% 60-78% G7 1-20% 1-20% 40-60% 1-20% G8 1-20% 1-20% 40-60% 20-40% G9 1-19% 1-19% 40-58% 40-58% G10 1-20% 1-20% 60-80% 1-20% G11 1-19% 1-19% 60-78% 20-38% G12 1-18% 1-18% 80-97% 1-18% G13 1-20% 20-40% 1-20% 20-40% G14 1-20% 20-40% 1-20% 40-60% G15 1-19% 20-38% 1-19% 60-78% G16 1-20% 20-40% 20-40% 1-20% G17 1-20% 20-40% 20-40% 20-40% G18 1-20% 20-39% 20-39% 40-59% G19 1-20% 20-40% 40-60% 1-20%
    Composition No. HFO-1123 CO 2 H FC-32 H FC-134a G20 1-20% 20-39% 40-59% 20-39% G21 1-19% 20-38% 60-78% 1-19% G22 1-20% 40-60% 1-20% 1-20% G23 1-20% 40-60% 1-20% 20-40% G24 1-19% 40-58% 1-19% 40-58% G25 1-20% 40-60% 20-40% 1-20% G26 1-20% 40-59% 20-39% 20-39% G27 1-19% 40-58% 40-58% 1-19% G28 1-20% 60-80% 1-20% 1-20% G29 1-19% 60-78% 1-19% 20-38% G30 1-19% 60-78% 20-38% 1-19% G31 1-18% 80-97% 1-18% 1-18% G32 20-40% 1-20% 1-20% 20-40% G33 20-40% 1-20% 1-20% 40-60% G34 20-38% 1-19% 1-19% 60-78% G35 20-40% 1-20% 20-40% 1-20% G36 20-40% 1-20% 20-40% 20-40% G37 20-39% 1-20% 20-39% 40-59% G38 20-40% 1-20% 40-60% 1-20% G39 20-39% 1-20% 40-59% 20-39% G40 20-38% 1-19% 60-78% 1-19% G41 20-40% 20-40% 1-20% 1-20% G42 20-40% 20-40% 1-20% 20-40% G43 20-39% 20-39% 1-20% 40-59% G44 20-40% 20-40% 20-40% 1-20% G45 20-40% 20-40% 20-40% 20-40% G46 20-39% 20-39% 40-59% 1-20% G47 20-40% 40-60% 1-20% 1-20% G48 20-39% 40-59% 1-20% 20-39% G49 20-39% 40-59% 20-39% 1-20% G50 20-38% 60-78% 1-19% 1-19% G51 40-60% 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% G52 40-60% 1-20% 1-20% 20-40% G53 40-58% 1-19% 1-19% 40-58% G54 40-60% 1-20% 20-40% 1-20% G55 40-59% 1-20% 20-39% 20-39%
    Composition No. HFO-1123 CO 2 HFC-32 HFC-134a G56 40-58% 1-19% 40-58% 1-19% G57 40-60% 20-40% 1-20% 1-20% G58 40-59% 20-39% 1-20% 20-39% G59 40-59% 20-39% 20-39% 1-20% G60 40-58% 40-58% 1-19% 1-19% G61 60-80% 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% G62 60-78% 1-19% 1-19% 20-38% G63 60-78% 1-19% 20-38% 1-19% G64 60-78% 20-38% 1-19% 1-19% G65 80-97% 1-18% 1-18% 1-18%
    Table G - compositions consisting essentially (see consisting) of
    HFO-1123, CO 2 , HFC-32 and HFC-134a
    Composition No. HFO-1123 CO 2 HFC-125 HFC-32 HFC-134a H1 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% 20-40% H2 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% 40-60% H3 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% 60-80% H4 1-17% 1-17% 1-17% 1-17% 80-96% H5 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% 20-40% 1-20% H6 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% 20-40% 20-40% H7 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% 20-40% 40-60% H8 1-18% 1-18% 1-18% 20-37% 60-77% H9 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% 40-60% 1-20% H10 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% 40-60% 20-40% H11 1-18% 1-18% 1-18% 40-57% 40-57% H12 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% 60-80% 1-20% H13 1-18% 1-18% 1-18% 60-77% 20-37% H14 1-17% 1-17% 1-17% 80-96% 1-17% H15 1-20% 1-20% 20-40% 1-20% 1-20% H16 1-20% 1-20% 20-40% 1-20% 20-40% H17 1-20% 1-20% 20-40% 1-20% 40-60% H18 1-18% 1-18% 20-37% 1-18% 60-77% H19 1-20% 1-20% 20-40% 20-40% 1-20% H20 1-20% 1-20% 20-40% 20-40% 20-40%
    Composition No. HFO-1123 CO 2 HFC-125 H FC-32 H FC-134a H21 1-19% 1-19% 20-38% 20-38% 40-58% H22 1-20% 1-20% 20-40% 40-60% 1-20% H23 1-19% 1-19% 20-38% 40-58% 20-38% H24 1-18% 1-18% 20-37% 60-77% 1-18% H25 1-20% 1-20% 40-60% 1-20% 1-20% H26 1-20% 1-20% 40-60% 1-20% 20-40% H27 1-18% 1-18% 40-57% 1-18% 40-57% H28 1-20% 1-20% 40-60% 20-40% 1-20% H29 1-19% 1-19% 40-58% 20-38% 20-38% H30 1-18% 1-18% 40-57% 40-57% 1-18% H31 1-20% 1-20% 60-80% 1-20% 1-20% H32 1-18% 1-18% 60-77% 1-18% 20-37% H33 1-18% 1-18% 60-77% 20-37% 1-18% H34 1-17% 1-17% 80-96% 1-17% 1-17% H35 1-20% 20-40% 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% H36 1-20% 20-40% 1-20% 1-20% 20-40% H37 1-20% 20-40% 1-20% 1-20% 40-60% H38 1-18% 20-37% 1-18% 1-18% 60-77% H39 1-20% 20-40% 1-20% 20-40% 1-20% H40 1-20% 20-40% 1-20% 20-40% 20-40% H41 1-19% 20-38% 1-19% 20-38% 40-58% H42 1-20% 20-40% 1-20% 40-60% 1-20% H43 1-19% 20-38% 1-19% 40-58% 20-38% H44 1-18% 20-37% 1-18% 60-77% 1-18% H45 1-20% 20-40% 20-40% 1-20% 1-20% H46 1-20% 20-40% 20-40% 1-20% 20-40% H47 1-19% 20-38% 20-38% 1-19% 40-58% H48 1-20% 20-40% 20-40% 20-40% 1-20% H49 1-20% 20-39% 20-39% 20-39% 20-39% H50 1-19% 20-38% 20-38% 40-58% 1-19% H51 1-20% 20-40% 40-60% 1-20% 1-20% H52 1-19% 20-38% 40-58% 1-19% 20-38% H53 1-19% 20-38% 40-58% 20-38% 1-19% H54 1-18% 20-37% 60-77% 1-18% 1-18% H55 1-20% 40-60% 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% H56 1-20% 40-60% 1-20% 1-20% 20-40%
    Composition No. HFO-1123 CO 2 HFC-125 H FC-32 H FC-134a H57 1-18% 40-57% 1-18% 1-18% 40-57% H58 1-20% 40-60% 1-20% 20-40% 1-20% H59 1-19% 40-58% 1-19% 20-38% 20-38% H60 1-18% 40-57% 1-18% 40-57% 1-18% H61 1-20% 40-60% 20-40% 1-20% 1-20% H62 1-19% 40-58% 20-38% 1-19% 20-38% H63 1-19% 40-58% 20-38% 20-38% 1-19% H64 1-18% 40-57% 40-57% 1-18% 1-18% H65 1-20% 60-80% 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% H66 1-18% 60-77% 1-18% 1-18% 20-37% H67 1-18% 60-77% 1-18% 20-37% 1-18% H68 1-18% 60-77% 20-37% 1-18% 1-18% H69 1-17% 80-96% 1-17% 1-17% 1-17% H70 20-40% 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% H71 20-40% 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% 20-40% H72 20-40% 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% 40-60% H73 20-37% 1-18% 1-18% 1-18% 60-77% H74 20-40% 1-20% 1-20% 20-40% 1-20% H75 20-40% 1-20% 1-20% 20-40% 20-40% H77 20-38% 1-19% 1-19% 20-38% 40-58% H77 20-40% 1-20% 1-20% 40-60% 1-20% H78 20-38% 1-19% 1-19% 40-58% 20-38% H79 20-37% 1-18% 1-18% 60-77% 1-18% H80 20-40% 1-20% 20-40% 1-20% 1-20% H81 20-40% 1-20% 20-40% 1-20% 20-40% H82 20-38% 1-19% 20-38% 1-19% 40-58% H83 20-40% 1-20% 20-40% 20-40% 1-20% H84 20-39% 1-20% 20-39% 20-39% 20-39% H85 20-38% 1-19% 20-38% 40-58% 1-19% H86 20-40% 1-20% 40-60% 1-20% 1-20% H87 20-38% 1-19% 40-58% 1-19% 20-38% H88 20-38% 1-19% 40-58% 20-38% 1-19% H89 20-37% 1-18% 60-77% 1-18% 1-18% H90 20-40% 20-40% 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% H91 20-40% 20-40% 1-20% 1-20% 20-40% H92 20-38% 20-38% 1-19% 1-19% 40-58%
    Composition No. HFO-1123 CO 2 HFC-125 HFC-32 HFC-134a H93 20-40% 20-40% 1-20% 20-40% 1-20% H94 20-39% 20-39% 1-20% 20-39% 20-39% H95 20-38% 20-38% 1-19% 40-58% 1-19% H96 20-40% 20-40% 20-40% 1-20% 1-20% H97 20-39% 20-39% 20-39% 1-20% 20-39% H98 20-39% 20-39% 20-39% 20-39% 1-20% H99 20-38% 20-38% 40-58% 1-19% 1-19% H100 20-40% 40-60% 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% H101 20-38% 40-58% 1-19% 1-19% 20-38% H102 20-38% 40-58% 1-19% 20-38% 1-19% H103 20-38% 40-58% 20-38% 1-19% 1-19% H104 20-37% 60-77% 1-18% 1-18% 1-18% H105 40-60% 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% H106 40-60% 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% 20-40% H107 40-57% 1-18% 1-18% 1-18% 40-57% H108 40-60% 1-20% 1-20% 20-40% 1-20% H109 40-58% 1-19% 1-19% 20-38% 20-38% H110 40-57% 1-18% 1-18% 40-57% 1-18% H111 40-60% 1-20% 20-40% 1-20% 1-20% H112 40-58% 1-19% 20-38% 1-19% 20-38% H113 40-58% 1-19% 20-38% 20-38% 1-19% H114 40-57% 1-18% 40-57% 1-18% 1-18% H115 40-60% 20-40% 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% H116 40-58% 20-38% 1-19% 1-19% 20-38% H117 40-58% 20-38% 1-19% 20-38% 1-19% H118 40-58% 20-38% 20-38% 1-19% 1-19% H119 40-57% 40-57% 1-18% 1-18% 1-18% H120 60-80% 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% 1-20% H121 60-77% 1-18% 1-18% 1-18% 20-37% H122 60-77% 1-18% 1-18% 20-37% 1-18% H123 60-77% 1-18% 20-37% 1-18% 1-18% H124 60-77% 20-37% 1-18% 1-18% 1-18% H125 80-96% 1-17% 1-17% 1-17% 1-17%
    Table H - compositions consisting essentially (see consisting) of
    HFO-1123, CO 2 , HFC-125, HFC-32 and HFC-134a
    In certain embodiments, the CO 2 represents at least 15% by weight, or at least 20% by weight, or at least 25% by weight, or at least 30% by weight, or at least 35% by weight, or at least 40% by weight of the heat transfer fluid; or CO2 and HFC-134a together represent at least 15% by weight, or at least 20% by weight, or at least 25% by weight, or at least 30% by weight, or at least 35% by weight , or at least 40% by weight, of the heat transfer fluid; or the CO2 and the HFC125 together represent at least 15% by weight, or at least 20% by weight, or at least 25% by weight, or at least 30% by weight, or at least 35% by weight, or at least 40% by weight of the heat transfer fluid; or CO2, HFC-125 and HFC-134a together represent at least 15% by weight, or at least 20% by weight, or at least 25% by weight, or at least 30% by weight, or at least 35% by weight, or at least 40% by weight, of the heat transfer fluid. Since CO2, HFC-125 and HFC-134a are non-flammable compounds, these embodiments are preferred so that the heat transfer fluid is itself non-flammable.
    The "non-flammable" nature of a fluid is assessed within the meaning of standard ASHRAE 34-2007, with a test temperature of 60 ° C instead of 100 ° C.
    In some embodiments, the heat transfer fluid has a GWP less than or equal to 1100; or less than or equal to 1000; or less than or equal to 900; or less than or equal to 800; or less than or equal to 700; or less than or equal to 600; or less than or equal to 500; or less than or equal to 400; or less than or equal to 300; or less than or equal to 200; or less than or equal to 150; or less than or equal to 100; or less than or equal to 50.
    In order to allow an optimal replacement of R-410A, it is desirable that the heat transfer fluid of the invention meets several of the following criteria (and preferably all):
    - The volumetric capacity obtained with the heat transfer fluid is approximately equal to or greater than that of R-410A, in particular is worth at least 90%, or at least 95%, or at least 100% of that of R-410A;
    - the coefficient of performance obtained with the heat transfer fluid is approximately equal to or greater than that of R-410A, in particular is worth at least 90%, or at least 95%, or at least 100% of that of R-410A;
    - the heat transfer fluid is non-flammable;
    - the heat transfer fluid has a low GWP;
    - the pressure at the outlet of the compressor obtained with the heat transfer fluid is not too high compared to that obtained with R-41 OA, and in particular is less than or equal to 1.7 times that obtained with R -41 OA, or is less than or equal to 1.6 times that obtained with R-41 OA, or is less than or equal to 1.5 times that obtained with R-41 OA, or is less than or equal to 1, 4 times that obtained with R-41 OA, or is less than or equal to 1.3 times that obtained with R-41 OA, or is less than or equal to 1.2 times that obtained with R-41 OA, or is less than or equal to 1.1 times that obtained with R-41 OA;
    the temperature slip on the evaporator obtained with the heat transfer fluid is moderate, and in particular is less than or equal to 10 ° C, or 8 ° C, or 6 ° C, or 5 ° C, or at 4 ° C, or at 3 ° C, or at 2 ° C, or at 1 ° C.
    The compositions consisting essentially (or consisting of) of the following compounds provide, for example, a good set of properties, in particular for the replacement of R-41 OA in the processes of cooling at moderate temperature or of heating at moderate temperature:
    - from 40 to 70% of HFO-1123, from 5 to 30% of CO 2 and from 5 to 30% of HFC-125 (by weight);
    - from 55 to 70% of HFO-1123, from 5 to 30% of CO2 and from 5 to 35% of HFC-134a (by weight);
    - from 5 to 70% of HFO-1123, from 5 to 35% of CO2 and from 5 to 60% of HFC-32 (by weight);
    - from 5 to 55% of HFO-1123, from 5 to 35% of CO2, from 5 to 25% of HFC-125 and from 5 to 60% of HFC-32 (by weight);
    - from 5 to 65% of HFO-1123, from 5 to 30% of CO2, from 5 to 30% of HFC-125, from 5 to 10% of HFC-134a and from 5 to 65% of HFC-32 (in weight).
    EXAMPLES
    The following examples illustrate the invention without limiting it.
    Example 1 - method for calculating the properties of heat transfer fluids in the various configurations considered
    The RK-Soave equation is used for the calculation of densities, enthalpies, entropies and the liquid vapor equilibrium data of mixtures. The use of this equation requires knowledge of the properties of the pure bodies used in the mixtures under management and also the interaction coefficients for binary chague.
    The data available for each pure body are: the boiling temperature, the critical temperature and the critical pressure, the pressure curve as a function of the temperature from the boiling point to the critical point, the densities of saturated liquid and saturated steam as a function of temperature.
    Data on hydrofluorocarbons are published in the ASHRAE Handbook 2005 chapter 20 and are also available under Refrop (software developed by N 1ST for the calculation of the properties of refrigerants).
    The data of the temperature-pressure curve of hydrofluoroolefins are measured by the statistical method. The critical temperature and the critical pressure are measured by a C80 calorimeter sold by Setaram.
    The RK-Soave equation uses binary interaction coefficients to represent the behavior of mixed products. The coefficients are calculated on the basis of experimental liquid liquid equilibrium data.
    The technique used for the liquid liquid equilibrium measurements is the analytical statistical cell method. The balance cell includes a sapphire tube and is equipped with two electromagnetic ROLSITM samplers. It is immersed in a cryothermostat bath (HUBER HS40). Magnetic agitation with variable speed rotating field drive is used to accelerate the achievement of equilibria. The analysis of the samples is carried out by gas chromatography (HP5890 seriesll) using a catharometer (TCD).
    Liquid-vapor balance measurements were made on the following binary mixtures: HFO-1123 / CO 2 ; HFO-1123 / HFC-32; HFO-1123 / HFC-125; HFO-1123 / HFC-134a.
    Example 2 - refrigeration performance
    In the following, the data of Example 1 is used to simulate the behavior of mixtures according to the invention in an air conditioning process.
    The system considered is a compression system equipped with a counter-current evaporator and condenser, a compressor and an expansion valve.
    The system operates with 5 ° C of overheating and 5 ° C of sub cooling.
    The coefficient of performance (COP) is defined as the useful power supplied by the system over the power supplied or consumed by the system.
    It works with an inlet temperature of the refrigerant to the evaporator of 5 ° C and a temperature of the start of condensation of the refrigerant to the condenser of 35 ° C.
    The performance of the compositions is given in the tables below.
    In these tables, "Tsv évap. "Indicates the vapor saturation temperature at the evaporator," All comp. "Indicates the temperature at the compressor outlet," Tsi cond. "Designates the liquid saturation temperature at the condenser," Tsv cond. "Designates the vapor saturation temperature at the condenser," Pmin "designates the pressure at the evaporator," Pmax "designates the pressure at the condenser," Rate "designates the compression ratio (ie the ratio of the two pressures above) , "ΔΤévap. "Denotes the sliding temperature at the evaporator,"% CAP "denotes the volumetric capacity referred (in%) to the reference fluid R-410A, and"% COP "denotes the coefficient of performance referred (in%) to the refrigerant reference R-410A.
    GWP OO"W *d.>> b · All comp. (° C) OO "w *d c o Q OO"W *d c oQ> b · (Ü ΔvsE û. (Ü Δx ra E û. Rate ΔΤ evap. (° C) % CAP COP% 2100 R-410A 5.1 67.7 34.9 35.0 9.3 21.4 2.3 0.1 100.0 100.0R1123 (%) χθ trolO o R125 (%) 701 70 10 20 8.6 56.8 31.4 35.0 14.8 29.0 2.0 3.6 133.7 106.5 526 70 15 15 9.5 57.5 30.5 35.0 16.4 31.2 1.9 4.5 147.1 111.2 701 65 15 20 9.9 57.4 30.2 35.0 16.4 31.0 1.9 4.9 147.6 111.6 351 70 20 10 10.2 58.4 29.8 35.0 18.0 33.4 1.9 5.2 159.6 113.3
    GWP O0"W *d.>> h All comp. (° C) O0"W *d c 0 QI " O0"W *d c 0Q> b · “C * (Ü Δthis U. “C * (Ü Δx ra E û. Rate ΔΤ evap. (° C) % CAP COP% 2100 R-410A 5.1 67.7 34.9 35.0 9.3 21.4 2.3 0.1 100.0 100.0R1123 (%) χθ tr0100 R125 (%) 526 65 20 15 10.6 58.1 29.5 35.0 18.0 33.2 1.8 5.6 160.4 115.3 701 60 20 20 10.9 58.1 29.2 35.0 18.0 33.0 1.8 5.9 161.3 115.9
    Table 1 - HFO-1123 / CO2 / HFC-125 ternary mixtures
    GWP O0"W *d.>> h All comp. (° C) OO "w *d c 0 O OO"W *d c 0O> b · ‘C * (Ü Δthis U. ‘C * (Ü Δx ra E û. Rate ΔΤ evap. (° C) % CAP COP% 2100 R-410A 5.1 67.7 34.9 35.0 9.3 21.4 2.3 0.1 100.0 100.0R1123 (%) χθ tr0100 (%) efreta 358 70 5 25 11.2 56.3 29.9 35.0 12.3 23.7 1.9 6.2 123.1 121.2 430 65 5 30 12.7 55.7 28.5 35.0 12.0 22.5 1.9 7.7 124.2 131.0 287 70 10 20 11.5 57.1 29.4 35.0 14.0 26.4 1.9 6.5 136.2 121.8 358 65 10 25 13.0 56.4 28.0 35.0 13.8 25.2 1.8 8.0 138.0 132.0 215 70 15 15 11.5 57.9 29.1 35.0 15.8 29.2 1.8 6.5 148.6 121.2 287 65 15 20 13.0 57.4 27.9 35.0 15.5 28.0 1.8 8.0 150.7 130.3 144 70 20 10 11.4 58.8 29.0 35.0 17.5 32.0 1.8 6.4 160.3 119.2 215 65 20 15 12.7 58.3 27.9 35.0 17.3 30.9 1.8 7.7 162.4 127.4 72 70 25 5 11.2 59.5 28.9 35.0 19.3 34.9 1.8 6.2 171.3 117.9 144 65 25 10 12.3 59.2 28.1 35.0 19.0 33.9 1.8 7.3 173.3 123.9
    Table 2 - HFO-1123 / CO2 / HFC-134a ternary mixtures
    GWP O0"W *d.>> h All comp. (° C) O0d c 0Qh " OOd c 0Q> b · “C * (Ü Δthis U. “C * (Ü Δx ra E û. Rate ΔΤ evap. (° C) % CAP COP% 2100 R-410A 5.1 67.7 34.9 35.0 9.3 21.4 2.3 0.1 100.0 100.0R32 (%) R1123 (%) χθ trOl 0 0 271 40 30 30 12.2 69.6 28.4 35.0 19.0 34.8 1.8 7.2 187.1 124.6 304 45 25 30 12.7 70.1 27.9 35.0 18.8 34.0 1.8 7.7 187.9 128.5
    Table 3 - HFO-1123 ternary mixtures! CO2! HFC-32
    GWP O0"W *d.>> h All comp. (° C) OOd c 0O OOd c 0O> b · ‘C * (Ü Δthis U. ‘C * (Ü Δx ra E û. Rate ΔΤ evap. (° C) % CAP COP% 2100 R-410A 5.1 67.7 34.9 35.0 9.3 21.4 2.3 0.1 100.0 100.0R32 (%) R1123 (%) χθ trOl 0 0 R125 (%) 762 35 35 15 15 10.2 66.1 29.9 35.0 15.3 29.6 1.9 5.2 153.3 117.3 795 40 30 15 15 10.4 67.0 29.6 35.0 15.1 29.1 1.9 5.4 153.5 119.6 553 30 40 20 10 10.6 66.0 29.6 35.0 16.9 32.1 1.9 5.6 164.7 117.4 587 35 35 20 10 10.9 66.9 29.3 35.0 16.7 31.6 1.9 5.9 165.3 119.7 621 40 30 20 10 11.2 67.8 29.0 35.0 16.5 31.0 1.9 6.2 165.8 122.3 654 45 25 20 10 11.5 68.6 28.6 35.0 16.2 30.4 1.9 6.5 166.0 125.1 688 50 20 20 10 11.9 69.3 28.3 35.0 16.0 29.7 1.9 6.9 166.0 128.0 722 55 15 20 10 12.1 70.1 27.9 35.0 15.7 29.1 1.9 7.1 165.6 130.7 755 60 10 20 10 12.3 70.8 27.6 35.0 15.4 28.5 1.8 7.3 164.9 133.1 789 65 5 20 10 12.5 71.6 27.4 35.0 15.1 27.9 1.8 7.5 163.9 135.2 728 30 35 20 15 11.1 65.4 29.1 35.0 16.9 31.7 1.9 6.1 165.5 120.2 762 35 30 20 15 11.3 66.3 28.8 35.0 16.6 31.2 1.9 6.3 166.0 122.6
    GWP O0"W *d.>> h All comp. (° C) O0"W *d c 0 Q OO"W *d c 0Q> b · ‘C * (Ü Δthis U. ‘C * (Ü Δx ra E û. Rate ΔΤ evap. (° C) % CAP COP% 2100 R-410A 5.1 67.7 34.9 35.0 9.3 21.4 2.3 0.1 100.0 100.0R32 (%) R1123 (%) χθ tr0100 R125 (%) 795 40 25 20 15 11.6 67.0 28.5 35.0 16.4 30.6 1.9 6.6 166.3 125.8 344 25 45 25 5 10.8 65.9 29.5 35.0 18.5 34.7 1.9 5.8 174.6 116.0 378 30 40 25 5 11.1 67.0 29.3 35.0 18.3 34.2 1.9 6.1 175.4 118.1 412 35 35 25 5 11.4 67.8 29.0 35.0 18.0 33.6 1.9 6.4 176.2 120.9 446 40 30 25 5 11.8 68.6 28.6 35.0 17.8 32.9 1.9 6.8 176.9 123.9 479 45 25 25 5 12.2 69.3 28.1 35.0 17.5 32.2 1.8 7.2 177.5 127.4 513 50 20 25 5 12.6 69.9 27.7 35.0 17.3 31.5 1.8 7.6 177.8 131.0 547 55 15 25 5 13.0 70.5 27.3 35.0 17.0 30.7 1.8 8.0 177.8 134.6 486 20 45 25 10 11.0 64.3 29.3 35.0 18.7 34.8 1.9 6.0 174.8 117.1 519 25 40 25 10 11.2 65.4 29.1 35.0 18.5 34.3 1.9 6.2 175.7 118.7 553 30 35 25 10 11.5 66.4 28.8 35.0 18.2 33.8 1.9 6.5 176.5 121.1 587 35 30 25 10 11.9 67.2 28.5 35.0 18.0 33.1 1.8 6.9 177.3 124.2 621 40 25 25 10 12.3 67.9 28.1 35.0 17.7 32.5 1.8 7.3 177.9 127.5 654 45 20 25 10 12.7 68.6 27.7 35.0 17.5 31.8 1.8 7.7 178.3 130.9 627 15 45 25 15 11.3 62.8 29.0 35.0 18.9 34.9 1.8 6.3 175.2 117.9 661 20 40 25 15 11.5 63.8 28.9 35.0 18.7 34.5 1.8 6.5 176.1 120.2 694 25 35 25 15 11.7 65.0 28.7 35.0 18.4 34.0 1.8 6.7 176.8 121.3 728 30 30 25 15 12.0 65.8 28.3 35.0 18.2 33.4 1.8 7.0 177.7 124.2 762 35 25 25 15 12.4 66.5 28.0 35.0 17.9 32.7 1.8 7.4 178.4 127.7 795 40 20 25 15 12.7 67.3 27.6 35.0 17.7 32.0 1.8 7.7 178.9 130.8 768 10 45 25 20 11.7 61.3 28.7 35.0 19.1 34.9 1.8 6.7 175.7 119.4 446 40 25 30 5 12.7 68.8 27.8 35.0 19.0 34.4 1.8 7.7 188.4 128.0 587 35 25 30 10 12.7 67.6 27.8 35.0 19.3 34.7 1.8 7.7 189.0 127.7
    Table 4 - quaternary mixtures HFO-1123! C0 2 ! HFC-32! HFC-125
    GWPô ο «w *Q. (Ü> 'Φ> b · All comp. (° C) OO "w *d c o QI ü) OO"W *d c oQ> b · ‘C * (Ü Δthis U. ‘C * (Ü Δx ra E û. Rate ΔΤ evap. (° C) % CAP COP% 2100 R-41 OA 5.1 67.7 34.9 35.0 9.3 21.4 2.3 0.1 100.0 100.0R32 (%) R1123 (%) χθ o '· • x- ^Ol ο ο R125 (%) (%) efreta 702 5 65 5 15 10 8.8 57.4 31.7 35.0 12.8 25.6 2.0 3.8 122.3 108.9 736 10 60 5 15 10 9.0 58.6 31.5 35.0 12.7 25.5 2.0 4.0 123.8 110.5 561 10 60 10 10 10 10.2 59.4 30.2 35.0 14.3 27.6 1.9 5.2 137.9 115.8 595 15 55 10 10 10 10.4 60.5 30.0 35.0 14.2 27.3 1.9 5.4 139.2 117.4 629 20 50 10 10 10 10.7 61.6 29.8 35.0 14.0 27.0 1.9 5.7 140.3 119.4 662 25 45 10 10 10 10.9 62.5 29.5 35.0 13.9 26.7 1.9 5.9 141.1 121.8 696 30 40 10 10 10 11.2 63.5 29.2 35.0 13.7 26.2 1.9 6.2 141.6 123.8 730 35 35 10 10 10 11.4 64.5 28.9 35.0 13.5 25.8 1.9 6.4 141.8 126.0 763 40 30 10 10 10 11.5 65.3 28.7 35.0 13.3 25.3 1.9 6.5 141.6 128.2 797 45 25 10 10 10 11.7 66.3 28.5 35.0 13.1 24.9 1.9 6.7 141.0 129.6 528 5 65 10 10 10 10.0 58.2 30.4 35.0 14.3 27.7 1.9 5.0 136.4 114.2 561 10 60 10 10 10 10.2 59.4 30.2 35.0 14.3 27.6 1.9 5.2 137.9 115.8 595 15 55 10 10 10 10.4 60.5 30.0 35.0 14.2 27.3 1.9 5.4 139.2 117.7 629 20 50 10 10 10 10.7 61.5 29.8 35.0 14.0 27.0 1.9 5.7 140.3 119.7 662 25 45 10 10 10 10.9 62.5 29.5 35.0 13.9 26.7 1.9 5.9 141.1 121.7 696 30 40 10 10 10 11.2 63.5 29.2 35.0 13.7 26.2 1.9 6.2 141.6 124.0 730 35 35 10 10 10 11.4 64.4 28.9 35.0 13.5 25.8 1.9 6.4 141.8 126.1 763 40 30 10 10 10 11.5 65.3 28.7 35.0 13.3 25.3 1.9 6.5 141.6 128.1 797 45 25 10 10 10 11.7 66.3 28.5 35.0 13.1 24.9 1.9 6.7 141.0 129.7 631 5 65 10 15 5 9.3 58.1 31.0 35.0 14.5 28.4 2.0 4.3 135.8 110.5 665 10 60 10 15 5 9.4 59.4 30.8 35.0 14.5 28.3 2.0 4.4 137.2 111.4 698 15 55 10 15 5 9.5 60.6 30.7 35.0 14.4 28.1 2.0 4.5 138.4 112.8 732 20 50 10 15 5 9.7 61.7 30.6 35.0 14.2 27.9 2.0 4.7 139.4 114.3 766 25 45 10 15 5 9.9 62.9 30.4 35.0 14.1 27.6 2.0 4.9 140.2 115.7 800 30 40 10 15 5 10.1 63.9 30.1 35.0 13.9 27.2 2.0 5.1 140.7 117.5 702 5 60 10 15 10 10.5 57.8 30.0 35.0 14.2 27.3 1.9 5.5 136.7 117.0 736 10 55 10 15 10 10.7 58.9 29.8 35.0 14.1 27.1 1.9 5.7 138.2 118.5 770 15 50 10 15 10 10.9 59.9 29.6 35.0 14.0 26.9 1.9 5.9 139.4 121.1
    GWPô ο «w *Q. (Ü> 'Φ> h- All comp. (° C) OO "w *d c OUI ü) OO"W *d c OU> b · ‘C * (Ü Δthis U. ‘C * (Ü ΔX ra E û. Rate ΔΤ evap. (° C) % CAP COP% 2100 R-41 OA 5.1 67.7 34.9 35.0 9.3 21.4 2.3 0.1 100.0 100.0R32 (%) R1123 (%) χθ o '· • x- ^Ol ο ο R125 (%) (%) efreta 702 5 60 10 15 10 10.5 57.8 30.0 35.0 14.2 27.3 1.9 5.5 136.7 117.0 353 5 65 15 5 10 10.9 59.0 29.5 35.0 15.9 29.8 1.9 5.9 149.5 118.1 386 10 60 15 5 10 11.1 60.2 29.4 35.0 15.8 29.6 1.9 6.1 150.9 119.2 420 15 55 15 5 10 11.3 61.3 29.2 35.0 15.7 29.3 1.9 6.3 152.3 121.4 454 20 50 15 5 10 11.6 62.3 28.9 35.0 15.5 29.0 1.9 6.6 153.5 123.6 487 25 45 15 5 10 11.9 63.2 28.6 35.0 15.3 28.6 1.9 6.9 154.4 126.0 521 30 40 15 5 10 12.3 64.1 28.2 35.0 15.1 28.1 1.9 7.3 155.2 129.0 555 35 35 15 5 10 12.5 64.8 27.9 35.0 15.0 27.6 1.8 7.5 155.6 131.9 588 40 30 15 5 10 12.8 65.6 27.5 35.0 14.7 27.0 1.8 7.8 155.7 134.8 456 5 65 15 10 5 10.1 59.0 30.1 35.0 16.1 30.5 1.9 5.1 148.8 113.9 490 10 60 15 10 5 10.2 60.3 30.0 35.0 16.0 30.4 1.9 5.2 150.2 114.8 523 15 55 15 10 5 10.4 61.4 29.9 35.0 15.9 30.2 1.9 5.4 151.4 116.1 557 20 50 15 10 5 10.6 62.6 29.7 35.0 15.7 29.9 1.9 5.6 152.4 117.7 591 25 45 15 10 5 10.8 63.7 29.5 35.0 15.5 29.5 1.9 5.8 153.3 119.5 625 30 40 15 10 5 11.1 64.6 29.2 35.0 15.3 29.1 1.9 6.1 154.0 121.8 658 35 35 15 10 5 11.4 65.6 28.9 35.0 15.1 28.6 1.9 6.4 154.4 124.1 692 40 30 15 10 5 11.6 66.4 28.6 35.0 14.9 28.1 1.9 6.6 154.6 126.7 726 45 25 15 10 5 11.9 67.2 28.3 35.0 14.7 27.5 1.9 6.9 154.4 129.0 759 50 20 15 10 5 12.0 68.1 28.0 35.0 14.4 27.0 1.9 7.0 154.0 131.3 793 55 15 15 10 5 12.2 69.0 27.8 35.0 14.2 26.4 1.9 7.2 153.1 133.1 528 5 60 15 10 10 11.4 58.7 29.1 35.0 15.8 29.4 1.9 6.4 150.4 120.9 561 10 55 15 10 10 11.6 59.8 28.9 35.0 15.7 29.2 1.9 6.6 151.8 122.5 595 15 50 15 10 10 11.9 60.8 28.7 35.0 15.6 28.9 1.9 6.9 153.1 124.6 629 20 45 15 10 10 12.1 61.7 28.4 35.0 15.4 28.5 1.9 7.1 154.2 127.1 662 25 40 15 10 10 12.4 62.6 28.1 35.0 15.2 28.1 1.8 7.4 155.0 129.7 696 30 35 15 10 10 12.7 63.4 27.7 35.0 15.0 27.6 1.8 7.7 155.5 132.5 730 35 30 15 10 10 13.0 64.2 27.4 35.0 14.8 27.1 1.8 8.0 155.8 135.4 631 5 60 15 15 5 10.6 58.7 29.7 35.0 16.0 30.2 1.9 5.6 149.6 116.4
    GWPOΟ"W *Q. (Ü> 'Φ> h- All comp. (° C) OOd c oUI ü) OOd c oU> b · “C * (Ü Δthis U. “C * (Ü Δx ra E û. Rate ΔΤ evap. (° C) % CAP COP% 2100 R-410A 5.1 67.7 34.9 35.0 9.3 21.4 2.3 0.1 100.0 100.0R32 (%) R1123 (%) χθ o '· • x- ^Ol ο ο R125 (%) (%) Bfreta 665 10 55 15 15 5 10.7 59.9 29.6 35.0 15.9 30.1 1.9 5.7 150.9 117.3 698 15 50 15 15 5 10.8 61.0 29.5 35.0 15.8 29.8 1.9 5.8 152.0 118.7 732 20 45 15 15 5 11.0 62.1 29.3 35.0 15.6 29.5 1.9 6.0 153.0 120.5 766 25 40 15 15 5 11.3 63.1 29.0 35.0 15.4 29.1 1.9 6.3 153.8 122.5 800 30 35 15 15 5 11.5 64.1 28.8 35.0 15.2 28.6 1.9 6.5 154.3 124.7 702 5 55 15 15 10 11.9 58.2 28.6 35.0 15.7 29.0 1.8 6.9 151.3 124.3 736 10 50 15 15 10 12.1 59.2 28.4 35.0 15.6 28.8 1.8 7.1 152.7 126.4 770 15 45 15 15 10 12.4 60.3 28.2 35.0 15.5 28.4 1.8 7.4 153.9 128.3 281 5 65 20 5 5 10.8 59.9 29.5 35.0 17.6 32.7 1.9 5.8 161.0 116.4 315 10 60 20 5 5 10.8 61.2 29.5 35.0 17.5 32.6 1.9 5.8 162.1 116.8 349 15 55 20 5 5 11.0 62.4 29.4 35.0 17.3 32.3 1.9 6.0 163.1 117.9 382 20 50 20 5 5 11.2 63.5 29.2 35.0 17.1 32.0 1.9 6.2 164.2 119.6 416 25 45 20 5 5 11.5 64.5 29.0 35.0 16.9 31.5 1.9 6.5 165.1 121.7 450 30 40 20 5 5 11.8 65.4 28.7 35.0 16.7 31.0 1.9 6.8 166.0 124.3 483 35 35 20 5 5 12.1 66.2 28.3 35.0 16.5 30.5 1.8 7.1 166.7 127.2 517 40 30 20 5 5 12.5 67.0 27.9 35.0 16.3 29.9 1.8 7.5 167.2 130.5 551 45 25 20 5 5 12.8 67.7 27.5 35.0 16.0 29.2 1.8 7.8 167.3 133.7 353 5 60 20 5 10 12.0 59.5 28.5 35.0 17.4 31.6 1.8 7.0 162.9 123.4 386 10 55 20 5 10 12.2 60.7 28.4 35.0 17.2 31.3 1.8 7.2 164.2 124.7 420 15 50 20 5 10 12.5 61.6 28.1 35.0 17.0 31.0 1.8 7.5 165.4 127.1 454 20 45 20 5 10 12.8 62.5 27.8 35.0 16.9 30.5 1.8 7.8 166.6 129.8 456 5 60 20 10 5 11.2 59.4 29.1 35.0 17.6 32.4 1.8 6.2 162.0 119.4 490 10 55 20 10 5 11.3 60.9 29.1 35.0 17.4 32.2 1.8 6.3 163.1 119.1 523 15 50 20 10 5 11.5 61.9 28.9 35.0 17.3 32.0 1.9 6.5 164.2 120.7 557 20 45 20 10 5 11.7 63.0 28.7 35.0 17.1 31.6 1.9 6.7 165.2 122.6 591 25 40 20 10 5 12.0 64.0 28.5 35.0 16.9 31.1 1.8 7.0 166.1 124.9 625 30 35 20 10 5 12.3 64.8 28.1 35.0 16.6 30.6 1.8 7.3 166.9 127.8 658 35 30 20 10 5 12.6 65.6 27.8 35.0 16.4 30.0 1.8 7.6 167.4 130.8
    GWPO0"W *d.>> h All comp. (° C) O0d c 0QI ü) O0d c 0Q> b · “C * (Ü Δthis U. “C * (Ü Δx ra E û. Rate ΔΤ evap. (° C) % CAP COP% 2100 R-410A 5.1 67.7 34.9 35.0 9.3 21.4 2.3 0.1 100.0 100.0R32 (%) R1123 (%) χθ tr0100 R125 (%) (%) 692 40 25 20 10 5 12.9 66.3 27.4 35.0 16.2 29.4 1.8 7.9 167.7 134.0 528 5 55 20 10 10 12.6 59.1 28.0 35.0 17.3 31.2 1.8 7.6 164.3 126.9 561 10 50 20 10 10 12.8 60.1 27.8 35.0 17.2 30.9 1.8 7.8 165.5 128.8 631 5 55 20 15 5 11.7 59.2 28.7 35.0 17.6 32.1 1.8 6.7 163.2 121.3 665 10 50 20 15 5 11.8 60.4 28.6 35.0 17.4 31.9 1.8 6.8 164.3 122.2 698 15 45 20 15 5 12.0 61.5 28.5 35.0 17.2 31.6 1.8 7.0 165.3 123.8 732 20 40 20 15 5 12.2 62.5 28.2 35.0 17.0 31.2 1.8 7.2 166.3 126.1 766 25 35 20 15 5 12.5 63.4 28.0 35.0 16.8 30.7 1.8 7.5 167.1 128.5 800 30 30 20 15 5 12.8 64.2 27.6 35.0 16.6 30.1 1.8 7.8 167.7 131.5 281 5 60 25 5 5 11.6 60.5 28.7 35.0 19.1 34.6 1.8 6.6 173.4 119.7 315 10 55 25 5 5 11.7 61.8 28.7 35.0 18.9 34.4 1.8 6.7 174.3 120.1 349 15 50 25 5 5 11.8 62.9 28.6 35.0 18.7 34.1 1.8 6.8 175.2 121.4 382 20 45 25 5 5 12.1 64.0 28.4 35.0 18.5 33.7 1.8 7.1 176.2 123.4 416 25 40 25 5 5 12.4 64.9 28.2 35.0 18.2 33.2 1.8 7.4 177.3 125.9 450 30 35 25 5 5 12.8 65.7 27.8 35.0 18.0 32.6 1.8 7.8 178.2 129.1 353 5 55 25 5 10 13.0 60.0 27.6 35.0 18.8 33.4 1.8 8.0 176.0 127.9 456 5 55 25 10 5 12.1 60.2 28.3 35.0 19.1 34.4 1.8 7.1 174.8 122.0 490 10 50 25 10 5 12.2 61.4 28.3 35.0 18.9 34.1 1.8 7.2 175.7 122.9 523 15 45 25 10 5 12.4 62.5 28.2 35.0 18.7 33.8 1.8 7.4 176.7 124.6 557 20 40 25 10 5 12.6 63.5 28.0 35.0 18.4 33.3 1.8 7.6 177.6 126.8 591 25 35 25 10 5 13.0 64.3 27.6 35.0 18.2 32.7 1.8 8.0 178.7 129.7 631 5 50 25 15 5 12.6 60.0 27.9 35.0 19.1 34.1 1.8 7.6 176.3 124.2 665 10 45 25 15 5 12.7 60.9 27.9 35.0 18.9 33.8 1.8 7.7 177.3 126.2 698 15 40 25 15 5 12.9 62.0 27.7 35.0 18.7 33.4 1.8 7.9 178.2 128.0
    Table 5 - five-year mixtures HFO-1123 / CO2 / HFC-32 / HFC-125 / HFC-134a
    权利要求:
    Claims (18)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. Composition comprising 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene and carbon dioxide.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Composition according to claim 1, comprising one or more additional compounds chosen from ammonia and optionally halogenated alkanes and alkenes, and preferably from hydrofluoroolefins, hydrochlorofluoroolefins and saturated hydrofluorocarbons.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Composition according to claim 1 or 2, comprising one or more additional compounds chosen from 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane, pentafluoroethane, difluoromethane,
    2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, ammonia, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, propane, propylene, 1 , 1,1-trifluoroethane, 1-chloro-3,3,3trifluoropropene, 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene, 1,1,1,3,3pentafluoropropane, 1 , 1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1difluoroethane and combinations thereof; and preferably from 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, pentafluoroethane, difluoromethane, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,3,3,3tetrafluoropropene and combinations thereof.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 3, consisting essentially of:
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene and carbon dioxide; or 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene,
    1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane; or 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, pentafluoroethane; or 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane; or carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide and
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide and
    2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide and
    1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide,
    1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and pentafluoroethane; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide,
    1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and difluoromethane; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide,
    1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide,
    1.1.1.2- tetrafluoroethane and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide, pentafluoroethane and difluoromethane; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide, pentafluoroethane and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide, pentafluoroethane and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide, difluoromethane and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide, difluoromethane and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide,
    2.3.3.3- tetrafluoropropene and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; or
    1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, of dioxide of carbon, of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, of difluoromethane and of pentafluoroethane; or 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, of dioxide of carbon, of
    1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, difluoromethane and 2,3,3,3tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide,
    1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, difluoromethane and 1,3,3,3tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide,
    1.1.1.2- tetrafluoroethane, pentafluoroethane and
    2.3.3.3- tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide,
    1.1.1.2- tetrafluoroethane, pentafluoroethane and
    1.3.3.3- tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide,
    1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide,
    1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide,
    1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; or
    - 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, carbon dioxide,
    1.1.1.2- tetrafluoroethane, difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and
    1.3.3.3- tetrafluoropropene.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 4, in which the proportion of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene is from 5 to 80% by weight, preferably from 10 to 70% by weight, more preferably from 15 to 60% by weight.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which the total proportion of carbon dioxide and optionally 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and / or pentafluoroethane is at least 15% by weight, preferably at least 30% by weight, and more preferably at least 35% by weight.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 6, chosen from mixtures consisting essentially of:
    - from 40 to 70% of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, from 5 to 30% of carbon dioxide and from 5 to 30% of pentafluoroethane (by weight);
    - from 55 to 70% of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, from 5 to 30% of carbon dioxide and from 5 to 35% of 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane (by weight);
    - from 5 to 70% of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, from 5 to 35% of carbon dioxide and from 5 to 60% of difluoromethane (by weight);
    - from 5 to 55% of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, from 5 to 35% of carbon dioxide, from 5 to 25% of pentafluoroethane and from 5 to 60% of difluoromethane (by weight);
    - from 5 to 65% of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, from 5 to 30% of carbon dioxide, from 5 to 30% of pentafluoroethane, from 5 to 10% of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and 5 to 60% difluoromethane (by weight).
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 7, which is non-flammable.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 8, which has a GWP less than or equal to 1000, and preferably less than or equal to 150.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. Use of the composition according to one of claims 1 to 9, as a heat transfer fluid.
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. Use according to claim 10, for the replacement of R410A, preferably in stationary air conditioning.
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12. A heat transfer composition, comprising the composition according to one of claims 1 to 9 as a heat transfer fluid, and one or more additives.
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    13. The heat transfer composition according to claim 12, in which the additives are chosen from lubricants, nanoparticles, stabilizers, surfactants, tracer agents, fluorescent agents, odorants, solubilizers and combinations of these.
    [14" id="c-fr-0014]
    14. Heat transfer installation comprising a vapor compression circuit containing a composition according to one of claims 1 to 9 as a heat transfer fluid or containing a heat transfer composition according to claim 12 or 13.
    [15" id="c-fr-0015]
    15. Installation according to claim 14, chosen from mobile or stationary installations for heating by heat pump, air conditioning, and in particular automobile air conditioning or centralized stationary air conditioning, refrigeration, freezing and Rankine cycles, and preferably is an air conditioning system.
    [16" id="c-fr-0016]
    16. A method of heating or cooling a fluid or a body by means of a vapor compression circuit containing a heat transfer fluid, said method successively comprising evaporation of the heat transfer fluid, the compression of the heat transfer fluid, condensation of the heat fluid and expansion of the heat transfer fluid, in which the heat transfer fluid is a composition according to one of claims 1 to 9.
    [17" id="c-fr-0017]
    17. A method of reducing the environmental impact of a heat transfer installation comprising a vapor compression circuit containing an initial heat transfer fluid, said method comprising a step of replacing the initial heat transfer fluid in the vapor compression circuit with a final transfer fluid, the final transfer fluid having a GWP lower than the initial heat transfer fluid, in which the final heat transfer fluid is a composition according to one of claims 1 to 9 .
    [18" id="c-fr-0018]
    18. The method of claim 17, wherein the initial heat transfer fluid is R-410A.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2019234353A1|2019-12-12|
    JP2021525823A|2021-09-27|
    EP3802724A1|2021-04-14|
    US20210155839A1|2021-05-27|
    FR3081865B1|2020-11-06|
    CN112400006A|2021-02-23|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    JP2015214632A|2014-05-09|2015-12-03|パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社|Mixed refrigerant|
    JP2015215111A|2014-05-09|2015-12-03|パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社|Heat pump device|
    US20180079941A1|2015-06-01|2018-03-22|Asahi Glass Company, Limited|Working fluid for heat cycle, composition for heat cycle system and heat cycle system|
    WO2018047816A1|2016-09-07|2018-03-15|旭硝子株式会社|Working medium for thermal cycling, composition for thermal cycling system, and thermal cycling system|
    WO2012157764A1|2011-05-19|2012-11-22|旭硝子株式会社|Working medium and heat-cycle system|
    EP3101082B1|2014-01-31|2020-12-02|AGC Inc.|Working medium for heat cycle, composition for heat cycle system, and heat cycle system|
    CN106029824A|2014-02-20|2016-10-12|旭硝子株式会社|Composition for heat cycle systems, and heat cycle system|
    US10088210B2|2014-09-30|2018-10-02|Mitsubishi Electric Corporation|Refrigeration cycle apparatus|
    GB201521507D0|2015-12-07|2016-01-20|Mexichem Fluor Sa De Cv|Composition|GB2576328A|2018-08-14|2020-02-19|Mexichem Fluor Sa De Cv|Refrigerant composition|
    CN113150745A|2021-04-13|2021-07-23|珠海格力电器股份有限公司|Ternary environment-friendly mixed refrigerant, preparation method thereof and refrigeration system|
    法律状态:
    2019-05-10| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2019-12-06| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20191206 |
    2020-05-12| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2021-05-13| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1854869A|FR3081865B1|2018-06-05|2018-06-05|COMPOSITIONS BASED ON 1,1,2-TRIFLUOROETHYLENE AND CARBON DIOXIDE|
    FR1854869|2018-06-05|FR1854869A| FR3081865B1|2018-06-05|2018-06-05|COMPOSITIONS BASED ON 1,1,2-TRIFLUOROETHYLENE AND CARBON DIOXIDE|
    US16/972,256| US20210155839A1|2018-06-05|2019-06-05|Compositions based on 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene and carbon dioxide|
    EP19737185.9A| EP3802724A1|2018-06-05|2019-06-05|Compositions based on 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene and carbon dioxide|
    JP2020567952A| JP2021525823A|2018-06-05|2019-06-05|Compositions based on 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene and carbon dioxide|
    PCT/FR2019/051341| WO2019234353A1|2018-06-05|2019-06-05|Compositions based on 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene and carbon dioxide|
    CN201980045902.8A| CN112400006A|2018-06-05|2019-06-05|Composition based on 1,1, 2-trifluoroethylene and carbon dioxide|
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